NASA Has Eyes On The Atlantic Hurricane Season

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    Flying Over Hurricanes For New NASA Mission

    July 25th, 2017

    Music credit: 'Cellular Signals' by Laurent Levesque [SACEM] from Killer TracksComplete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. NASA scientists are investigating key questions about hurricanes in a new mission from the skies. This August, the East Pacific Origins and Characteristics of Hurricanes, or EPOCH, mission will fly over East Pacific storms to better understand how they form and intensify. EPOCH will conduct up to six 24-hour science flights using the Global Hawk unmanned aircraft. Three of the flights are being supported through a partnership with the NOAA UAS Program. Data will be collected using three instruments (EXRAD, HAMSR, and AVAPS) aboard the aircraft that will map out the 3-D patterns of temperature, pressure, humidity, precipitation, and wind speed - key factors that influence hurricane behavior. NASA scientists use a combination of ground, modeled, and satellite data to re-create multi-dimensional pictures of hurricanes and other major storms in order to study complex atmospheric interactions. For More InformationSee [https://atmospheres.gsfc.nasa.gov/meso/index.php?section=260](https://atmospheres.gsfc.nasa.gov/meso/index.php?section=260) Related pages

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    Ten-Year Gap in Major Hurricanes Continues

    May 27th, 2016

    Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Music credits: Climb the Ladder by Kurt Oldman in the KillerTracks Catalog Hurricane tracks from 1980 through 2015. Green tracks did not make landfall in US; yellow tracks made landfall but were not Category 3 or higher hurricanes at landfall; red tracks made landfall and were Category 3 or higher. A corresponding chart on the right accumulates the number and types of storms for each year. Tracks layer with alpha channel. Dates layer wih alpha channel. Table layer with alpha channel. Accumulated tracks from 2006 through 2015 with alpha channel. A background Earth layer. Could the first tropical storm of the Atlantic hurricane season break the 10-year “hurricane drought” record?It has been a decade since the last major hurricane, Category 3 or higher, has made landfall in the United States. This is the longest period of time for the United States to avoid a major hurricane since reliable records began in 1850. According to a NASA study, a 10-year gap comes along only every 270 years. The National Hurricane Center calls any Category 3 or more intense hurricane a “major” storm. It should be noted that hurricanes making landfall as less than Category 3 can still cause extreme damage, with heavy rains and coastal storm surges. Such was the case with Hurricane Sandy in 2012.Timothy Hall, a research scientist who studies hurricanes at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York and colleague Kelly Hereid, who works for ACE Tempest Re, a reinsurance firm based in Connecticut, ran a statistical hurricane model based on a record of Atlantic tropical cyclones from 1950 to 2012 and sea surface temperature data. The researchers ran 1,000 computer simulations of the period from 1950-2012 – in effect simulating 63,000 separate Atlantic hurricane seasons. They also found that there is approximately a 40% chance that a major hurricane will make landfall in the United States every year. These visualizations show hurricane tracks from 1980 through 2015. Green tracks are storms that did not make landfall in the U.S.; yellow tracks are storms that made landfall but were not Category 3 or higher; and red tracks are Category 3 or higher hurricanes that did make landfall.Research: The frequency and duration of U.S. hurricane droughtsJournal: Geophysical Research Letters, May 5, 2015 For More InformationSee [http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/no-major-us-hurricane-landfalls-in-nine-years-luck](http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/no-major-us-hurricane-landfalls-in-nine-years-luck) Related pages

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    2017 Hurricanes and Aerosols Simulation

    May 5th, 2021

    Tracking aerosols over land and water from August 1 to November 1, 2017. Hurricanes and tropical storms are obvious from the large amounts of sea salt particles caught up in their swirling winds. The dust blowing off the Sahara, however, gets caught by water droplets and is rained out of the storm system. Smoke from the massive fires in the Pacific Northwest region of North America are blown across the Atlantic to the UK and Europe. This visualization is a result of combining NASA satellite data with sophisticated mathematical models that describe the underlying physical processes.Music: Elapsing Time by Christian Telford [ASCAP], Robert Anthony Navarro [ASCAP]Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. [Versión en español]Rastreando de aerosoles sobre tierra y agua desde el 1 de agosto hasta el 1 de noviembre de 2017. Los huracanes y las tormentas tropicales son obvios por las grandes cantidades de partículas de sal marina atrapadas en sus vientos arremolinados. Sin embargo, el polvo del Sahara queda atrapado por las gotas de agua y sale por lluvia del sistema de tormentas. El humo de los incendios masivos en la región noroeste del Pacífico de América del Norte cruza el Atlántico hacia el Reino Unido y Europa. Esta visualización es el resultado de combinar datos satelitales de la NASA con sofisticados modelos matemáticos que describen los procesos físicos subyacentes.Música: Elapsing Time por Christian Telford [ASCAP], Robert Anthony Navarro [ASCAP]Transcripción completa disponible Version without hurricane labels, dates, nor legend for color scales. Colorbars indicating the amount of smoke, sea salt, and dust (expressed as aerosol optical depth at 550 nm), on transparent background. Video of dates on transparent background. Tracking the aerosols carried on the winds let scientists see the currents in our atmosphere. This visualization follows sea salt, dust, and smoke from July 31 to November 1, 2017, to reveal how these particles are transported across the map.The first thing that is noticeable is how far the particles can travel. Smoke from fires in the Pacific Northwest gets caught in a weather pattern and pulled all the way across the US and over to Europe. Hurricanes form off the coast of Africa and travel across the Atlantic to make landfall in the United States. Dust from the Sahara is blown into the Gulf of Mexico. To understand the impacts of aerosols, scientists need to study the process as a global system.The Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center has developed the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS), a family of mathematical models. Combined with data from NASA's Earth observing satellites, the supercomputer simulations enhance our scientific understanding of specific chemical, physical, and biological processes.During the 2017 hurricane season, the storms are visible because of the sea salt that is captured by the storms. Strong winds at the surface lift the sea salt into the atmosphere and the particles are incorporated into the storm. Hurricane Irma is the first big storm that spawns off the coast of Africa. As the storm spins up, the Saharan dust is absorbed in cloud droplets and washed out of the storm as rain. This process happens with most of the storms, except for Hurricane Ophelia. Forming more northward than most storms, Ophelia traveled to the east picking up dust from the Sahara and smoke from large fires in Portugal. Retaining its tropical storm state farther northward than any system in the Atlantic, Ophelia carried the smoke and dust into Ireland and the UK.Computer simulations using the GEOS models allow scientists to see how different processes fit together and evolve as a system. By using mathematical models to represent nature we can separate the system into component parts and better understand the underlying physics of each.GEOS runs on the Discover supercomputer at the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS)For more information: NASA@SC17: Glimpse at the Future of Global Weather Prediction and Analysis at NASA Related pages

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    NASA Surveys Hurricane Damage to Puerto Rico's Forests (Data Viz Version)

    July 29th, 2019

    Hurricane Maria transformed the lush rainforests of Puerto Rico leaving lots of openings in the forest canopy. NASA scientists studied the island's forests before and after the storm. Goddard's Lidar, Hyperspectral, and Thermal Imager (G-LiHT) is a portable instrument that maps forest health and structure from a small airplane resulting in detailed 3-D views of the forest. G-LiHT sends out 600,000 laser pulses every second mapping leaves and branches, rocks and streams. Almost 60% of the canopy trees lost branches, snapped in half, or were uprooted. Trees with wide, spreading crowns were reduced to a slender main trunk. Forests in Puerto Rico are now one-third shorter on average, after Hurricane Maria. The disturbances affected the whole ecosystem, from soils and streams to birds and frogs. G-LiHT data will help scientists understand how forests and wildlife respond to future changes. In September 2017, Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico head-on as a Category 4 storm with winds topping 155 miles per hour. The storm damaged homes, flooded towns, devastated the island's forests and caused the longest electricity black-out in U.S. history. Hurricane Maria's lashing rain and winds transformed Puerto Rico's lush tropical rainforest landscape. Research scientist Doug Morton of Goddard was part of the team of NASA researchers who had surveyed Puerto Rico's forests six months before the storm with Goddard’s Lidar, Hyperspectral, and Thermal (G-LiHT) Airborne Imager, a system designed to study the structure and species composition of Puerto Rican forests. Shooting 600,000 laser pulses per second, G-LiHT produces a 3D view of the forest structure in high resolution. In April 2018, post-Maria, they went back and surveyed the same tracks as in 2017.Comparing the before and after data, the team found that 40 to 60 percent of the tall trees that formed the canopy of the forest either lost large branches, were snapped in half or were uprooted by strong winds."Maria gave the island's forests a haircut," said Morton. "The island lost so many large trees that forests were shortened by one-third. We basically saw 60 years' worth of what we would consider natural treefall disturbances happen in one day."This version was shown at the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) / Special Interest Group on GRAPHics (SIGGRAPH) Computer Animation Festival (CAF) on July 29, 2019 at the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles, CA. It will then be part of the ACM/SIGGRAPH CAF traveling show after that. Related pages

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    3-D Views of Puerto Rico's Forests After Hurricane Maria

    Dec. 10th, 2018

    To get a detailed look at vegetation and land cover, NASA uses an airborne instrument called Goddard’s Lidar, Hyperspectral and Thermal Airborne Imager, or G-LiHT. From the belly of a small aircraft flying one thousand feet above the trees, G-LiHT collects multiple measurements of forests, including high-resolution photographs, surface temperatures and the heights and structure of the vegetation. Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.Music: Letting the Past Go, by Ben Hales [PRS], Matt Hales [PRS] In September 2017, Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico head-on as a Category 4 storm with winds topping 155 miles per hour. The storm damaged homes, flooded towns, devastated the island's forests and caused the longest electricity black-out in U.S. history. Hurricane Maria's lashing rain and winds transformed Puerto Rico's lush tropical rainforest landscape. Research scientist Doug Morton of Goddard was part of the team of NASA researchers who had surveyed Puerto Rico's forests six months before the storm with Goddard’s Lidar, Hyperspectral, and Thermal (G-LiHT) Airborne Imager, a system designed to study the structure and species composition of Puerto Rican forests. Shooting 600,000 laser pulses per second, G-LiHT produces a 3D view of the forest structure in high resolution. In April 2018, post-Maria, they went back and surveyed the same tracks as in 2017.Comparing the before and after data, the team found that 40 to 60 percent of the tall trees that formed the canopy of the forest either lost large branches, were snapped in half or were uprooted by strong winds."Maria gave the island's forests a haircut," said Morton. "The island lost so many large trees that forests were shortened by one-third. We basically saw 60 years' worth of what we would consider natural treefall disturbances happen in one day." Related pages

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    NASA's Black Marble night lights used to examine disaster recovery in Puerto Rico

    Dec. 8th, 2018

    This visualization starts with a global view of hurricane Maria hitting Puerto Rico. We then zoom in to Puerto Rico to compare the standard night lights dataset to a new, high definition version of nights lights. After the hurricane passes over the island, we see a massive drop in night light intensity due to loss of power. After showing night light levels over several stages of hurricane recovery, we transition to a 'Days Without Power' dataset. The camera then zooms in to several locations around the island to examine each stage of recovery in more detail. This visualization starts with a global view of hurricane Maria hitting Puerto Rico. We then zoom in to Puerto Rico to compare the standard night lights dataset to a new, high definition version of nights lights. After the hurricane passes over the island, we see a massive drop in night light intensity due to loss of power. After showing night light levels over several stages of hurricane recovery, we transition to a 'Days Without Power' dataset. The camera then zooms in to several locations around the island to examine each stage of recovery in more detail. This version has no legend/labels. Still image - Hurricane Maria just after passing over Puerto Rico Still image - Puerto Rico night lights after Hurricane Maria passes over (path shown here in red) Color bar for night light intensity Color bar for number of days without power Print resolution still - This view of Puerto Rico shows number of days without power. Greens and yellows are fewer days (0-60), and reds and pinks are more days (120-180). (With and without city labels) Print resolution still - This view of Puerto Rico shows number of days without power. Greens and yellows are fewer days (0-60), and reds and pinks are more days (120-180). Print resolution still - This view of Puerto Rico shows number of days without power. Greens and yellows are fewer days (0-60), and reds and pinks are more days (120-180). Print resolution still - Baseline (pre-storm) view of Puerto Rico night lights. (With and without city labels) Print resolution still - Average night lights 2 months (Sep 20 - Nov 20) after Hurricane Maria passed over Puerto Rico. (With and without city labels) Print resolution still - Average night lights 3-4 months (Nov 21- Jan 20) after Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico. (With and without city labels) Print resolution still - Average night lights 5-6 months (Jan 21- Mar 20) after Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico. (With and without city labels) Print resolution still - Baseline (pre-storm) view of San Juan night lights. Print resolution still - Average San Juan night lights 2 months (Sep 20 - Nov 20) after Hurricane Maria passed over Puerto Rico. At night, Earth is lit up in bright strings of roads dotted with pearl-like cities and towns as human-made artificial light takes center stage. During Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico's lights went out.In the days, weeks, and months that followed, research physical scientist Miguel Román at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and his colleagues combined NASA's Black Marble night lights data product from the NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite with USGS-NASA Landsat data and Google's OpenStreetMap to develop a neighborhood-scale map of energy use in communities across Puerto Rico as the electricity grid was slowly restored. They then analyzed the relationship between restoration rates in terms of days without electricity and the remoteness of communities from major cities. Related pages

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    Tropical Storm Michael Drenches the Carolinas

    Oct. 10th, 2018

    This data visualization shows Tropical Storm Michael over the Carolinas on October 11, 2018. Shades of green, yellow, and red are ground precipitation rates. Blue and purple indicate frozen precipitation. Hurricane Michael was the strongest storm on record to hit the Florida panhandle. It became a tropical depression on October 7th, intesifying into a hurricane by October 8th. It made landfall on October 10th. GPM caught the storm after it had weakened back down to a Tropical Storm on October 11th. But even in a weakened state, Michael still caused flash floods and power outages throughout the Carolinas. Related pages

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    GOES and GPM Capture Florence Trying to Intensify Over the Atlantic

    Sept. 12th, 2018

    GPM's DPR and GMI instruments observe Tropical Storm Florence undergoing wind shearGPM passed over Tropical Storm Florence on September 7, 2018. As the camera moves in on the storm, DPR's volumetric view of the storm is revealed. A slicing plane moves across the volume to display precipitation rates throughout the storm. Shades of green to red represent liquid precipitation. Frozen precipitation is shown in cyan and purple. Color bar for frozen precipitation rates (ie, snow rates). Shades of cyan represent low amounts of frozen precipitation, whereas shades of purple represent high amounts of precipitation. Color bar for liquid precipitation rates (ie, rain rates). Shades of green represent low amounts of liquid precipitation, whereas shades of red represent high amounts of precipitation. 360 video flying under the avil of Tropical Storm Florence (GPM data from Friday September 7) This video is also available on our YouTube channel. Close up of Tropical Storm Florence (high resolution still) Hurricane Florence originally formed from an African Easterly wave that emerged off the west coast of Africa back on the 30th of August. When it reached the vicinity of the Cape Verde Islands the next day, it was organized enough to become a tropical depression. The following day the depression strengthened enough to become a tropical storm and Florence was born on the 1st of September. Over the next 3 days, Florence gradually strengthened as it moved in a general west-northwest direction into the central Atlantic. Then, on the 4th of September, Florence began to rapidly intensify. By the morning of the 5th, Florence was a Category 3 hurricane before reaching Category 4 intensity later that afternoon with maximum sustained winds estimated at 130 mph by the National Hurricane Center (NHC). At this point, Florence became the victim of increasingly strong southwesterly wind shear, which greatly weakened the storm all the way back down to a tropical storm the by evening of the 6th.The following GOES-East Infrared (IR) loop shows Florence from 17:54 UTC (1:54 pm EDT) 6 September to 19:27 UTC (3:27 pm EDT) 7 September when it was struggling against the strong southwesterly wind shear in the Central Atlantic. A very interesting looking feature is the arc-shaped cloud that propagates outward from the storm towards the west. This cloud feature is occurring at upper-levels and is likely tied to a gravity wave propagating outward from an area of intense convection that erupted from deep within the storm. When the tops of these smaller scale storms within a storm reach the upper troposphere, they can trigger gravity waves. As these waves progagate outward they can enhance cloud formation where they induce rising motion and erode cloud where they induce downward motion or subsidence. As this arc-shaped cloud is able to propagate outward uniformly from the center, it must be occurring above the shear layer. Compensating areas of subsidence can also surround the strong rising motion occurring within the tall convective clouds. This can help to erode surrounding clouds and may be contributing to the clearing that occurs between the arc-shaped cloud and the mainarea of convection.The end of the loop shows surface rainfall and a 3D flyby of Florence courtesy of the GPM core satellite, which passed over the storm at around 19:21 UTC (3:21 pm EDT) on the 7th. At the surface, two areas of intense rain (shown in magenta) reveal the presence of two areas of strong thunderstorms within Florence north and northeast of the center. The flyby shows a 3D rendering of the radar structure of the storm. The darker blue tower indicates an area of deep convection that has penetrated well over 10 km high and is associated with the southernmost area of intense rain just north of the center. It is these areas of deep convection that fuel the storm by releasing heat, known as latent heat, mainly from condensation, near the core. Although it would be nearly 2 days before Florence re-gained hurricane intensity, these convective towers are what helped Florence to survive the effects of the wind shear and eventually grow back into a Category 4 hurricane.GPM is a joint mission between NASA and the Japanese space agency JAXA.Caption by Stephen Lang (SSAI/NASA GSFC) and Joe Munchak (GSFC). A short 360 video flying under Florence is available here: Look for a longer narrated 360 video flying through Hurricane Maria in the coming weeks! Related pages

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    NASA Studies Hurricane Edouard in HS3 Mission (2014)

    May 31st, 2018

    NASA's Global Hawk in 2014 traveled to the middle of the Atlantic and flew over Hurricane Edouard. Remote sensing nstruments on the plane measured temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction as well as other data. Along with measurements from the aircraft, NASA scientists also collected data from dropsondes that parachuted down through the hurricane.Complete transcript available.Music: Who Done It? by Robert Leslie Bennett [ASCAP]Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. The swirling nature of hurricane clouds are a familiar sight in satellite imagery, but in order to better understand these storms, scientists need to look inside them. In 2014, NASA's remotely piloted Global Hawk aircraft flew over Hurricane Edouard in the Atlantic Ocean to help better understand what makes hurricanes intensify. During the 24-hour flight, a sounder instrument measured the relative humidity of the storm from above, where the cloud cover was thin. Where clouds were too thick, including around the eye of the hurricane, the Global Hawk released dropsondes – foot-long sensors that dropped from the aircraft down through the storm to the ocean's surface – sending back data on humidity, temperature and wind the whole way down. Warm, moist air helps to give hurricanes their strength, and near the eye, the red colors show high humidity powering the storm. Scientists use these and other data collected from these flights to better understand the environmental signals inside and outside of the hurricanes. They want to better understand the signals that lead to rapid intensification where wind speeds dramatically increase in a 24-hour period – vital information for anyone in the storm's path.Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) is a mission to investigate the processes that underlie hurricane formation and intensity change in the Atlantic Ocean basin. Related pages

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    Hurricane Jose lingers in the Atlantic as Hurricane Maria approaches Puerto Rico

    Sept. 18th, 2017

    GPM passed over both Hurricane Maria and Hurricane Jose on September 18th, 2017. As the camera moves in on the Maria, DPR's volumetric view of the storm is revealed. A slicing plane moves across the volume to display precipitation rates throughout the storm. Shades of green to red represent liquid precipitation extending down to the ground. Color bar for liquid precipitation rates (ie, rain rates). Shades of green represent low amounts of liquid precipitation, whereas shades of red represent high amounts of precipitation. Color bar for frozen precipitation rates (ie, snow rates). Shades of cyan represent low amounts of frozen precipitation, whereas shades of purple represent high amounts of precipitation. Print resolution still image of Hurricane Maria on September 18th, 2017. Print resolution still image of Hurricane Maria on September 18th, 2017. Print resolution still image of Hurricane Maria on September 18th, 2017. Print resolution still image of Hurricane Maria and Hurricane Jose on September 18th, 2017. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission shows the rainfall distribution for two major storms churning in the Atlantic and Caribbean basins. The visualization shows Hurricane Jose as it continues to slowly move northward off the US East Coast east of the Outer Banks of North Carolina. At one time, Jose was a powerful category 4 border line category 5 storm with maximum sustained winds reported at 155 mph by the National Hurricane Center back on the 9th of September as it was approaching the northern Leeward Islands. Jose passed northeast of the Leeward Islands as a category 4 storm on a northwest track and then began to weaken due to the effects of northerly wind shear. Remaining over warm water allowed Jose to strengthen back into a hurricane on September 15th as wind shear across the storm diminished. At this time, Jose was still only midway between the central Bahamas and Bermuda, having just completed its loop, and moving to the northwest. On the 16th, Jose turned northward as it moved around the western edge of a ridge of high pressure near Bermuda and began to parallel the US East Coast well away from shore. An overpass by the GPM Core Observatory captured an image of Jose overnight at 3:36 UTC 18 September (11:36 pm EST 17 September) as the storm was moving due north at 9 mph well off shore from the coast of North Carolina. The GPM image estimated areas of very heavy rain on the order of 75 mm/hr (~3 inches per hour). The GPM Core Observatory satellite also had an excellent view of Hurricane Maria when it passed almost directly above the hurricane on September 17, 2017 at 1001 PM AST (September 18, 2017 0201 UTC). GPM's Microwave Imager (GMI) and Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) showed that Maria had well defined bands of precipitation rotating around the eye of the tropical cyclone. GPM's radar (DPR Ku band) found rain falling at a rate of over 6.44 inches (163.7 mm) per hour in one of these extremely powerful storms northeast of Maria's eye. Intense thunderstorms were found towering to above 9.7 miles (15.7 km). This kind of chimney cloud is also called a "hot tower" (as it releases a huge quantity of latent heat by condensation). These tall thunderstorms in the eye wall are often a sign that a tropical cyclone is becoming more powerful. Maria rapidly intensified following this view to a Category 5 storm on September 19th. Related pages

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    A New Multi-dimensional View of a Hurricane

    July 24th, 2017

    Music: "Buoys," Donn Wilkerson, Killer Tracks; "Late Night Drive," Donn Wilkerson, Killer Tracks.Complete transcript available. NASA researchers now can use a combination of satellite observations to re-create multi-dimensional pictures of hurricanes and other major storms in order to study complex atmospheric interactions. In this video, they applied those techniques to Hurricane Matthew. When it occurred in the fall of 2016, Matthew was the first Category 5 Atlantic hurricane in almost ten years. Its torrential rains and winds caused significant damage and loss of life as it coursed through the Caribbean and up along the southern U.S. coast. Related pages

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    Monitoring Hurricane Matthew

    Jan. 22nd, 2017

    This example visualization shows how all of the below data visualizations could be arranged on NASA's 3x3 hyperwall display. NOAA Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Infrared Cloud Cover of Hurricane Matthew. Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) precipitation from Hurricane Matthew. Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Goddard PROFiling (GPROF) and Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) data of Hurricane Matthew. Color bar for frozen precipitation rates (ie, snow rates). Shades of cyan represent low amounts of frozen precipitation, whereas shades of purple represent high amounts of precipitation. Color bar for liquid precipitation rates (ie, rain rates). Shades of green represent low amounts of liquid precipitation, whereas shades of red represent high amounts of precipitation. JPL Multi-Scale Ultra-high Resolution (MUR) Sea Surface Temperature data during Hurricane Matthew. Sea Surface Temperature colorbar. Accumulated IMERG precipitation of Hurricane Matthew. Accumulated IMERG colorbar. Low amounts of accumulated rain are in shades of blue. The highest amounts of rainfall are in yellow and red. NASA/Goddard Soil Moisture Anomaly from Hurricane Matthew. Soil Moisture Anomaly colorbar. Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 (GEOS-5) Sea Level Pressure during Hurricane Matthew. Sea Level Pressure colorbar. The darkest colors represents very low pressure which coincides with the eye of Hurricane Matthew. GEOS-5 Surface Wind Speeds of Hurricane Matthew. Surface Wind Speed colorbar. GEOS-5 winds of Hurricane Matthew. Wind height colorbar. Hurricane Matthew ravaged the Caribbean and United States from late September to early October 2016. Earth observing satellites provide insights into Matthew's rapid intensification and fast decline. This show was designed for the NASA Hyperwall to be shown at the 2017 American Meteorlogical Society (AMS) Conference. The show highlight's NASA's GPM Core System that works hand-in-hand with numerous other datasets, including model runs. Related pages

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    GPM Core Spacecraft Beauty Passes

    Oct. 31st, 2013

    Various beauty passes of the GPM Core spacecraft. The GPM Core satellite cruises over a hurricane. A variety of animated beauty passes of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core spacecraft. Related pages

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    Intense String of Hurricanes Seen From Space

    Oct. 4th, 2017

    Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.Music credits: 'Micro Currents' by Jean-Patrick Voindrot [SACEM], 'Sink Deep' by Andrew Michael Britton [PRS], David Stephen Goldsmith [PRS], Mikey Rowe [PRS] from Killer Tracks. Rapid intensification is the hardest aspect of a storm to forecast and it can be most critical to people's lives. This GIF is optimized for posting on Twitter. Rapidly intensifying storms typically occur up to twice in a hurricane season. But in 2017, we have seen four storms rapidly intensify and scientists attribute this to warmer ocean waters and favorable winds. This GIF is optimized for posting on Twitter. In 2017, we have seen four Atlantic storms rapidly intensify with three of those storms - Hurricane Harvey, Irma and Maria - making landfall. When hurricanes intensify a large amount in a short period, scientists call this process rapid intensification. This is the hardest aspect of a storm to forecast and it can be most critical to people’s lives.While any hurricane can threaten lives and cause damage with storm surges, floods, and extreme winds, a rapidly intensifying hurricane can greatly increase these risks while giving populations limited time to prepare and evacuate. For More InformationSee [https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/main/index.html](https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/main/index.html) Related pages

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