WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:10.143 --> 00:00:10.410 Yeah. 2 00:00:10.410 --> 00:00:13.580 We're seeing a sample of the amazing science 3 00:00:13.580 --> 00:00:15.949 that Webb will be able to do over the coming years. 4 00:00:16.182 --> 00:00:18.251 And remember, it's just a sample. 5 00:00:18.251 --> 00:00:21.788 So we are seeing scenes and vistas from across the universe, 6 00:00:22.088 --> 00:00:24.391 you know, toward the first galaxies 7 00:00:25.325 --> 00:00:28.661 to stellar birth and stellar death. 8 00:00:29.763 --> 00:00:34.467 And we're seeing an exoplanet spectrum for the first time with Webb 9 00:00:34.968 --> 00:00:39.739 showing water or steam in its atmosphere. 10 00:00:44.611 --> 00:00:45.378 So here, 11 00:00:45.378 --> 00:00:49.049 what we're seeing in this deep field image, Webb's first deep field 12 00:00:49.749 --> 00:00:53.453 is a massive cluster of galaxies. 13 00:00:53.453 --> 00:00:57.190 And what this cluster does is it bends the light 14 00:00:57.190 --> 00:01:00.160 from even more distant galaxies coming behind it. 15 00:01:00.560 --> 00:01:05.432 And you can see that as it's sort of banana streaks in the in the field. 16 00:01:05.899 --> 00:01:10.737 And this field allows us to look for some of the very first 17 00:01:10.870 --> 00:01:14.774 luminous structures in the universe, the first stars and galaxies. 18 00:01:15.542 --> 00:01:18.144 And this was one of the reasons that Webb was originally 19 00:01:18.144 --> 00:01:24.451 built. 20 00:01:27.720 --> 00:01:29.889 So with the Southern Ring Nebula, the image here, 21 00:01:29.889 --> 00:01:35.361 what you see is a star that is similar to our own sun. 22 00:01:35.361 --> 00:01:38.731 But 5 billion years in the future, when it dies. 23 00:01:39.132 --> 00:01:44.537 And so when stars like that die, they push off the the outer atmospheres. 24 00:01:44.537 --> 00:01:49.142 And these this gas cloud you see is filled with elements 25 00:01:49.142 --> 00:01:53.046 like carbon and oxygen, kind of elements that we're made of. 26 00:01:53.379 --> 00:01:57.851 And this is how dying stars seed the galaxy with these elements 27 00:01:57.851 --> 00:02:07.927 that ultimately are important for the formation of life. 28 00:02:09.863 --> 00:02:13.800 So here we are seeing a small group of galaxies 29 00:02:14.067 --> 00:02:17.971 that what we call interact actually colliding with each other. 30 00:02:18.271 --> 00:02:21.875 And this is a very fundamental part in the evolution of galaxies. 31 00:02:21.908 --> 00:02:25.712 They bump into each other all the time, and when they bump into each other, 32 00:02:26.179 --> 00:02:27.547 they create shockwaves. 33 00:02:27.547 --> 00:02:31.451 And in these shockwaves, you have this tremendous formation of new stars. 34 00:02:31.651 --> 00:02:33.620 And you see these shockwaves in this image 35 00:02:33.620 --> 00:02:35.421 and you see the formation of stars there. 36 00:02:36.556 --> 00:02:38.992 You also see the galaxies 37 00:02:38.992 --> 00:02:44.397 superimposed in this field of distant galaxies in the background, whose light 38 00:02:44.397 --> 00:02:47.467 has probably traveled through the universe for billions of years. 39 00:02:47.800 --> 00:02:50.837 And so this is very typical for web images that everywhere we look, 40 00:02:51.204 --> 00:03:01.648 we're going to have these distant galaxies in the background. 41 00:03:03.316 --> 00:03:03.783 Oh, yeah. 42 00:03:03.783 --> 00:03:05.985 This is such a beautiful image. And maybe my favorite. 43 00:03:06.319 --> 00:03:08.588 What we see here is a stellar nursery, 44 00:03:09.422 --> 00:03:13.393 a cloud of gas and dust that is actively forming new stars. 45 00:03:13.693 --> 00:03:17.830 And you see this as sort of a landscape that looks like mountains 46 00:03:18.198 --> 00:03:23.403 because the cloud is being eroded away by hot stars that's off the field to the top. 47 00:03:23.937 --> 00:03:26.072 And they're there, they're cooking off the cloud. 48 00:03:26.072 --> 00:03:28.274 And as they do that, they push on it. 49 00:03:28.641 --> 00:03:31.778 And so what that means is that you can form 50 00:03:31.778 --> 00:03:35.181 new stars sort of close to the surface of the cloud there. 51 00:03:35.181 --> 00:03:40.420 And you can see those stars popping out and you can see them also create 52 00:03:40.420 --> 00:03:43.590 jets and outflows as part of this process 53 00:03:44.490 --> 00:03:48.661 that that that move through the cloud and create these streaky structures 54 00:03:48.661 --> 00:03:56.236 in it. 55 00:03:57.036 --> 00:04:00.506 So what we see here is what's called a hot Jupiter. 56 00:04:00.506 --> 00:04:04.777 So it's a it's a planet that moves in front of its star. 57 00:04:04.777 --> 00:04:08.581 And it has about the size of Jupiter, but the mass of Saturn. 58 00:04:09.816 --> 00:04:10.183 And what 59 00:04:10.183 --> 00:04:13.353 we see here is light filtering through its atmosphere. 60 00:04:13.853 --> 00:04:17.223 And that allows us to look for the fingerprints of certain molecules. 61 00:04:17.624 --> 00:04:21.494 And in this case, the planet is full of water vapor, full of water. 62 00:04:22.662 --> 00:04:25.298 And that's what you see is wiggles in the spectrum 63 00:04:25.698 --> 00:04:28.401 when we go and look at other exoplanets with Webb. 64 00:04:28.601 --> 00:04:32.372 We may look for other molecules, some that are familiar in our own atmosphere 65 00:04:32.472 --> 00:04:37.176 as well, like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or maybe even methane 66 00:04:37.477 --> 00:04:45.218 and ozone. 67 00:04:45.218 --> 00:04:50.089 So infrared light is light that is redder than what our own eyes can see. 68 00:04:50.556 --> 00:04:54.227 And what that means is that we can see things that you just cannot see 69 00:04:54.227 --> 00:04:57.530 with a telescope that works at visible wavelengths like the Hubble, for example. 70 00:04:57.930 --> 00:05:01.734 So what was originally built to see very distant galaxies, because they, they, 71 00:05:02.201 --> 00:05:06.272 they, we see the light from them primarily in the infrared. 72 00:05:06.773 --> 00:05:08.441 The infrared light can also penetrate 73 00:05:08.441 --> 00:05:12.645 through clouds of dust so we can see what goes on inside them. 74 00:05:12.645 --> 00:05:15.748 Like, for example, the formation of new stars and new planets. 75 00:05:15.748 --> 00:05:17.850 There. 76 00:05:23.189 --> 00:05:23.423 Yeah. 77 00:05:23.423 --> 00:05:27.360 So these first images is really only scratching the surface 78 00:05:27.360 --> 00:05:28.294 of what Webb can do. 79 00:05:28.294 --> 00:05:31.731 We did this in essentially three days. 80 00:05:31.898 --> 00:05:34.033 So we have many years of observations to go. 81 00:05:34.033 --> 00:05:36.736 And one of the some of the things that we will see is 82 00:05:36.736 --> 00:05:39.072 scientists pushed to larger distances 83 00:05:39.105 --> 00:05:43.076 in universe to really try and find those very first galaxies and stars. 84 00:05:43.343 --> 00:05:47.547 And we will also be able to look at a new planet of planets 85 00:05:47.547 --> 00:05:49.515 around other stars that are smaller than the one 86 00:05:49.515 --> 00:05:52.852 we see here, that are more Earth-like that may have a rocky surface. 87 00:05:52.852 --> 00:05:56.856 And we can look for whether those planets have weather on them 88 00:05:56.856 --> 00:06:01.627 or volcanoes or oceans. 89 00:06:07.333 --> 00:06:08.201 Yeah. 90 00:06:08.201 --> 00:06:12.972 So what I, I'm really looking forward to learning more about is, 91 00:06:13.539 --> 00:06:19.078 is to find those, those first galaxies to see if we can actually do that. 92 00:06:19.112 --> 00:06:22.949 It's a completely unexplored region of the universe up until now. 93 00:06:24.217 --> 00:06:26.753 I'm also very curious to see 94 00:06:26.753 --> 00:06:30.223 the exoplanets planets around a system called TRAPPIST one. 95 00:06:30.990 --> 00:06:36.195 This is this is how small star m dwarf star that has seven planets around it. 96 00:06:36.195 --> 00:06:41.033 And we think three of them are actually in the distance from the star 97 00:06:41.033 --> 00:06:42.602 where they may have liquid water on the surface. 98 00:06:42.602 --> 00:06:45.104 But what we don't know about them is if they have atmospheres. 99 00:06:45.638 --> 00:06:49.142 And so already in the first year, we will ask this very simple. 100 00:06:49.142 --> 00:06:51.210 Yes, no question. Do these planets have atmospheres? 101 00:06:51.944 --> 00:06:54.280 Because if the answer is yes, 102 00:06:54.680 --> 00:06:57.550 this type of planet around m two of stars may be 103 00:06:57.550 --> 00:07:06.426 one of the most common places that we can find life in the universe. 104 00:07:09.729 --> 00:07:11.731 So you can learn more about the Webb telescope 105 00:07:11.731 --> 00:07:16.035 by going to database t the nasa.gov or NASA web on social media.