1 00:00:10,143 --> 00:00:10,410 Yeah. 2 00:00:10,410 --> 00:00:13,580 We're seeing a sample of the amazing science 3 00:00:13,580 --> 00:00:15,949 that Webb will be able to do over the coming years. 4 00:00:16,182 --> 00:00:18,251 And remember, it's just a sample. 5 00:00:18,251 --> 00:00:21,788 So we are seeing scenes and vistas from across the universe, 6 00:00:22,088 --> 00:00:24,391 you know, toward the first galaxies 7 00:00:25,325 --> 00:00:28,661 to stellar birth and stellar death. 8 00:00:29,763 --> 00:00:34,467 And we're seeing an exoplanet spectrum for the first time with Webb 9 00:00:34,968 --> 00:00:39,739 showing water or steam in its atmosphere. 10 00:00:44,611 --> 00:00:45,378 So here, 11 00:00:45,378 --> 00:00:49,049 what we're seeing in this deep field image, Webb's first deep field 12 00:00:49,749 --> 00:00:53,453 is a massive cluster of galaxies. 13 00:00:53,453 --> 00:00:57,190 And what this cluster does is it bends the light 14 00:00:57,190 --> 00:01:00,160 from even more distant galaxies coming behind it. 15 00:01:00,560 --> 00:01:05,432 And you can see that as it's sort of banana streaks in the in the field. 16 00:01:05,899 --> 00:01:10,737 And this field allows us to look for some of the very first 17 00:01:10,870 --> 00:01:14,774 luminous structures in the universe, the first stars and galaxies. 18 00:01:15,542 --> 00:01:18,144 And this was one of the reasons that Webb was originally 19 00:01:18,144 --> 00:01:24,451 built. 20 00:01:27,720 --> 00:01:29,889 So with the Southern Ring Nebula, the image here, 21 00:01:29,889 --> 00:01:35,361 what you see is a star that is similar to our own sun. 22 00:01:35,361 --> 00:01:38,731 But 5 billion years in the future, when it dies. 23 00:01:39,132 --> 00:01:44,537 And so when stars like that die, they push off the the outer atmospheres. 24 00:01:44,537 --> 00:01:49,142 And these this gas cloud you see is filled with elements 25 00:01:49,142 --> 00:01:53,046 like carbon and oxygen, kind of elements that we're made of. 26 00:01:53,379 --> 00:01:57,851 And this is how dying stars seed the galaxy with these elements 27 00:01:57,851 --> 00:02:07,927 that ultimately are important for the formation of life. 28 00:02:09,863 --> 00:02:13,800 So here we are seeing a small group of galaxies 29 00:02:14,067 --> 00:02:17,971 that what we call interact actually colliding with each other. 30 00:02:18,271 --> 00:02:21,875 And this is a very fundamental part in the evolution of galaxies. 31 00:02:21,908 --> 00:02:25,712 They bump into each other all the time, and when they bump into each other, 32 00:02:26,179 --> 00:02:27,547 they create shockwaves. 33 00:02:27,547 --> 00:02:31,451 And in these shockwaves, you have this tremendous formation of new stars. 34 00:02:31,651 --> 00:02:33,620 And you see these shockwaves in this image 35 00:02:33,620 --> 00:02:35,421 and you see the formation of stars there. 36 00:02:36,556 --> 00:02:38,992 You also see the galaxies 37 00:02:38,992 --> 00:02:44,397 superimposed in this field of distant galaxies in the background, whose light 38 00:02:44,397 --> 00:02:47,467 has probably traveled through the universe for billions of years. 39 00:02:47,800 --> 00:02:50,837 And so this is very typical for web images that everywhere we look, 40 00:02:51,204 --> 00:03:01,648 we're going to have these distant galaxies in the background. 41 00:03:03,316 --> 00:03:03,783 Oh, yeah. 42 00:03:03,783 --> 00:03:05,985 This is such a beautiful image. And maybe my favorite. 43 00:03:06,319 --> 00:03:08,588 What we see here is a stellar nursery, 44 00:03:09,422 --> 00:03:13,393 a cloud of gas and dust that is actively forming new stars. 45 00:03:13,693 --> 00:03:17,830 And you see this as sort of a landscape that looks like mountains 46 00:03:18,198 --> 00:03:23,403 because the cloud is being eroded away by hot stars that's off the field to the top. 47 00:03:23,937 --> 00:03:26,072 And they're there, they're cooking off the cloud. 48 00:03:26,072 --> 00:03:28,274 And as they do that, they push on it. 49 00:03:28,641 --> 00:03:31,778 And so what that means is that you can form 50 00:03:31,778 --> 00:03:35,181 new stars sort of close to the surface of the cloud there. 51 00:03:35,181 --> 00:03:40,420 And you can see those stars popping out and you can see them also create 52 00:03:40,420 --> 00:03:43,590 jets and outflows as part of this process 53 00:03:44,490 --> 00:03:48,661 that that that move through the cloud and create these streaky structures 54 00:03:48,661 --> 00:03:56,236 in it. 55 00:03:57,036 --> 00:04:00,506 So what we see here is what's called a hot Jupiter. 56 00:04:00,506 --> 00:04:04,777 So it's a it's a planet that moves in front of its star. 57 00:04:04,777 --> 00:04:08,581 And it has about the size of Jupiter, but the mass of Saturn. 58 00:04:09,816 --> 00:04:10,183 And what 59 00:04:10,183 --> 00:04:13,353 we see here is light filtering through its atmosphere. 60 00:04:13,853 --> 00:04:17,223 And that allows us to look for the fingerprints of certain molecules. 61 00:04:17,624 --> 00:04:21,494 And in this case, the planet is full of water vapor, full of water. 62 00:04:22,662 --> 00:04:25,298 And that's what you see is wiggles in the spectrum 63 00:04:25,698 --> 00:04:28,401 when we go and look at other exoplanets with Webb. 64 00:04:28,601 --> 00:04:32,372 We may look for other molecules, some that are familiar in our own atmosphere 65 00:04:32,472 --> 00:04:37,176 as well, like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or maybe even methane 66 00:04:37,477 --> 00:04:45,218 and ozone. 67 00:04:45,218 --> 00:04:50,089 So infrared light is light that is redder than what our own eyes can see. 68 00:04:50,556 --> 00:04:54,227 And what that means is that we can see things that you just cannot see 69 00:04:54,227 --> 00:04:57,530 with a telescope that works at visible wavelengths like the Hubble, for example. 70 00:04:57,930 --> 00:05:01,734 So what was originally built to see very distant galaxies, because they, they, 71 00:05:02,201 --> 00:05:06,272 they, we see the light from them primarily in the infrared. 72 00:05:06,773 --> 00:05:08,441 The infrared light can also penetrate 73 00:05:08,441 --> 00:05:12,645 through clouds of dust so we can see what goes on inside them. 74 00:05:12,645 --> 00:05:15,748 Like, for example, the formation of new stars and new planets. 75 00:05:15,748 --> 00:05:17,850 There. 76 00:05:23,189 --> 00:05:23,423 Yeah. 77 00:05:23,423 --> 00:05:27,360 So these first images is really only scratching the surface 78 00:05:27,360 --> 00:05:28,294 of what Webb can do. 79 00:05:28,294 --> 00:05:31,731 We did this in essentially three days. 80 00:05:31,898 --> 00:05:34,033 So we have many years of observations to go. 81 00:05:34,033 --> 00:05:36,736 And one of the some of the things that we will see is 82 00:05:36,736 --> 00:05:39,072 scientists pushed to larger distances 83 00:05:39,105 --> 00:05:43,076 in universe to really try and find those very first galaxies and stars. 84 00:05:43,343 --> 00:05:47,547 And we will also be able to look at a new planet of planets 85 00:05:47,547 --> 00:05:49,515 around other stars that are smaller than the one 86 00:05:49,515 --> 00:05:52,852 we see here, that are more Earth-like that may have a rocky surface. 87 00:05:52,852 --> 00:05:56,856 And we can look for whether those planets have weather on them 88 00:05:56,856 --> 00:06:01,627 or volcanoes or oceans. 89 00:06:07,333 --> 00:06:08,201 Yeah. 90 00:06:08,201 --> 00:06:12,972 So what I, I'm really looking forward to learning more about is, 91 00:06:13,539 --> 00:06:19,078 is to find those, those first galaxies to see if we can actually do that. 92 00:06:19,112 --> 00:06:22,949 It's a completely unexplored region of the universe up until now. 93 00:06:24,217 --> 00:06:26,753 I'm also very curious to see 94 00:06:26,753 --> 00:06:30,223 the exoplanets planets around a system called TRAPPIST one. 95 00:06:30,990 --> 00:06:36,195 This is this is how small star m dwarf star that has seven planets around it. 96 00:06:36,195 --> 00:06:41,033 And we think three of them are actually in the distance from the star 97 00:06:41,033 --> 00:06:42,602 where they may have liquid water on the surface. 98 00:06:42,602 --> 00:06:45,104 But what we don't know about them is if they have atmospheres. 99 00:06:45,638 --> 00:06:49,142 And so already in the first year, we will ask this very simple. 100 00:06:49,142 --> 00:06:51,210 Yes, no question. Do these planets have atmospheres? 101 00:06:51,944 --> 00:06:54,280 Because if the answer is yes, 102 00:06:54,680 --> 00:06:57,550 this type of planet around m two of stars may be 103 00:06:57,550 --> 00:07:06,426 one of the most common places that we can find life in the universe. 104 00:07:09,729 --> 00:07:11,731 So you can learn more about the Webb telescope 105 00:07:11,731 --> 00:07:16,035 by going to database t the nasa.gov or NASA web on social media.