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This is the Hubble Space Telescope...

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It is 
a piece of engineering and astronomical majesty  

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that has captured some of the most astounding images of 
the cosmos.

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"I could only say there was one word to describe these images and that's just absolutely 
incredible."

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But Hubble's journey didn't start out that way...

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[ RANDOM AUDIO ]

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As Hubble was being planned and 
built engineers designed the  

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telescope to be worked on by astronauts in space.

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It was equipped with handrails and its instruments 
were made to be easily removed and replaced.

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NASA and astronomers wanted to upgrade Hubble 
throughout its life, they could install latest  

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technologies and repair parts that broke or 
became damaged while in space.

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"Liftoff of the Space Shuttle Discovery with the Hubble Space Telescope!"

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Soon after Hubble's launch and deployment in 1990,

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that ability to fix Hubble became more 
critical than anyone had ever imagined.

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when Hubble's first images reached Earth 
something seemed to not look quite right... literally.

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"The conclusion we've come to 
from that is that there's a significant  

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spherical aberration appears to be present 
in the optics."

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It was soon discovered that  

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Hubble's primary mirror was ground too flat 
and it caused the images to be out of focus.

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Public apprehension soon began to rise and NASA's 
competency began to be called into question  

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"Okay the bottom line is do we have a fix for this?
As I said the the biggest impact right now is the  

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loss of spatial resolution, the Wide Field Camera."

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With the focusing issues of the primary mirror and  

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two of Hubble's gyroscopes failing, the need for 
this servicing mission was urgent.

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"I know we're going to succeed at this and we're going to turn the Hubble Space Telescope in all regards into  

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the exciting scientific instrument that we 
expect it to be."

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Seven astronauts who began training for this all-important first servicing 
mission were more than prepared to repair Hubble.

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When December 2, 1993 finally came NASA
was ready.

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"And we have liftoff! Liftoff of the Space Shuttle Endeavour on an ambitious 
mission to service the Hubble Space Telescope!"

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Successfully they navigated installing new solar 
arrays that would not expand and contract when  

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they went in and out of sunlight allowing 
Hubble to remain steady when taking photos.

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They replaced failing gyroscopes 
and magnetometers enabling for  

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more accurate manipulation of 
the telescope's orientation.

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Installed a Wide Field and Planetary 
Camera 2 which had 48 color filters  

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covering a spectral range from 
ultraviolet to visible wavelengths

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and housed extra mirrors to correct 
for the flaw in Hubble's main mirror.

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And of course they adjusted the Hubble space 
telescope's vision with a Corrective Optics

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Space Telescope Axial Replacement, or COSTAR,
that acted almost like a pair of glasses  

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for the primary mirror, fixing the spherical 
aberration for the rest of Hubble's instruments.

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After five days of intense repairs and maintenance 
the Hubble Space Telescope was back up and running.

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[ HAPPY SCIENTIST NOISES ]

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"...pictures are remarkable the science 
that will come from the pictures  

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are of historical significance..."

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And now we are able to clearly see this:

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"Eagle Nebula // 1995"

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"Galaxy Cluster // 0024+1654 // 1996"

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"Infrared Saturn // 1998"

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"Whirlpool Galaxy // 2005"

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The first servicing mission to Hubble restored 
the telescope's original expectations and  

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then so much more. Without it the Hubble 
Space Telescope, and NASA for that reason,  

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might not be where it is today over 30 years later.

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"NGC 2174 // 2014"

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"Jupiter // 2019"

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Thanks to the Hubble Space Telescope and 
the team behind Servicing Mission One  

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we can now behold these 
amazing astronomical encounters. 

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[ SILENCE ]