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[music throughout]

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[Kelsey Young] Watching Apollo footage of astronauts doing geology on the surface of the Moon

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is a really great way to think about preparing for Artemis

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for putting people on the Lunar surface once again.

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We learn a lot in how they did science operations on the Moon

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and what it's like to work on the Moon. 

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You see them doing geology, you see them taking rock samples, putting in a drive tube

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to take a core sample. You see them bouncing along the surface of the Moon  

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on the Lunar rover that they used in Apollo 15 through 17. 

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So it's a great way to help drive technology development 

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 for the next generation of spacesuits and geology sampling tools. 

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[Trevor Graff] There's these facilities that help us train like we are on the Lunar surface. 

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You know these one-sixth G offload systems or

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putting people in the aquatic environment are great ways to

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train the mobility part, right, like what can you do and how

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different does it feel to be in one-sixth G and do these tasks. 

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[Young] We've been training astronauts in geology and geoscience for decades now. 

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The Apollo astronauts had literally hundreds of hours of training in geology

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before they flew to the Moon. 

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It's often said that the Apollo astronauts had the equivalent of a Master's degree 

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in geology by the time they flew to the Moon. 

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In the intervening decades since Apollo,

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we've been training astronauts who fly to the International Space Station (ISS)

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because when they're on the ISS they spend to observing the Earth. 

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Looking out the window, taking pictures of what they see on the Earth's surface. 

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Now that we're looking at putting astronauts on the surface of the Moon,

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we also take them into the field. We take them to 

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field sites here on Earth that resemble field sites that we expect them to see on the Moon. 

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[Graff] That's the reason why we take them out into places that are unique

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like volcanic landscapes or places that are analagous to

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the Lunar surface to train them on the scale and fidelity of science

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that you just can't recreate in these facilities.

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[Young] And so by combining this classroom and field training, 

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we're able to prep them for fundamentals of geology, the major driving Lunar science questions

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that we have that we hope to address with the Artemis Program,

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and teaching them how to do field work in relevant, analogue environments. 

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[Graff] For just science aspects of developing new spacesuits, 

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can it get you to where you need to go.

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And once you get there, can you do the cool science that you need to do.  

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And so that's: can you move effectively and efficiently in the suit to be able to collect the samples

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or use the tools or the instruments. 

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For the visibility, it's like: can you make the necessary observations that you need to

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or, does the suit have the lights on it that it needs to illuminate the surface

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and make the observations that you need to. 

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The Lunar South Pole holds tremendous resources that are

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going to allow us to continue to explore. 

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This is a place that we've never been before. 

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There's so much to be learned from getting boots on the ground

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and exploring a unique place that challenges us as humans

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and also helps us develop technologies that make our everyday life that much better. 

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[Young] We think there might be volatiles present at the South Pole.

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By using these volatiles, we'll be able to do thinks like: create drinking water,

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create rocket fuel to launch astronauts back to Earth

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and so by harnessing the power of the land, we'll be able to help astronauts

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establish that long-term sustainable presence. 

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[music intensifies]

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It's human nature to explore

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Pushing our boundaries and exploring our universe is 

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I think just one of those things that's just stuck in our human nature

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and we need to do it in order to understand the world around us

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including our Earth and our Solar System.