1 00:01:01,800 --> 00:01:04,000 -Woo! 2 00:01:04,000 --> 00:01:06,500 -And the crowd goes wild! Hey! 3 00:01:15,600 --> 00:01:18,700 [ No sound ] 4 00:01:27,867 --> 00:01:38,000 -T-minus 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 5 00:01:38,000 --> 00:01:41,300 and lift off on Space Shuttle Columbia 6 00:01:41,300 --> 00:01:42,933 to broaden our view of the universe 7 00:01:42,933 --> 00:01:47,400 through the Hubble Space Telescope. 8 00:01:47,400 --> 00:01:49,467 -Houston now controlling the flight of Columbia, 9 00:01:49,467 --> 00:01:52,233 the pioneer shuttle headed for the Hubble Space Telescope. 10 00:01:52,233 --> 00:01:54,167 -Roll program. 11 00:01:54,167 --> 00:01:55,800 -Roger, roll, Columbia. 12 00:01:55,800 --> 00:01:58,067 -Columbia into the roll, placing the shuttle 13 00:01:58,067 --> 00:01:59,867 in a heads down, wings level position 14 00:01:59,867 --> 00:02:02,000 for the 8 1/2-minute ride to orbit. 15 00:02:04,400 --> 00:02:07,433 [ No sound ] 16 00:03:14,800 --> 00:03:17,000 [ No sound ] 17 00:04:24,300 --> 00:04:27,300 [ No sound ] 18 00:05:02,333 --> 00:05:04,733 [ No sound ] 19 00:05:41,300 --> 00:05:43,733 [ No sound ] 20 00:06:25,000 --> 00:06:27,100 [ No sound ] 21 00:07:43,967 --> 00:07:46,267 [ No sound ] 22 00:09:55,933 --> 00:09:57,833 [ No sound ] 23 00:10:55,933 --> 00:10:58,733 [ No sound ] 24 00:11:55,933 --> 00:11:58,133 [ No sound ] 25 00:12:55,933 --> 00:12:58,000 [ No sound ] 26 00:13:55,933 --> 00:13:58,033 [ No sound ] 27 00:15:14,433 --> 00:15:17,467 [ No sound ] 28 00:16:48,933 --> 00:16:51,400 [ No sound ] 29 00:17:20,467 --> 00:17:22,467 [ No sound ] 30 00:17:48,433 --> 00:17:50,400 [ No sound ] 31 00:18:00,333 --> 00:18:02,333 [ No sound ] 32 00:18:41,633 --> 00:18:44,000 [ No sound ] 33 00:18:54,033 --> 00:18:56,467 [ No sound ] 34 00:19:05,867 --> 00:19:08,267 [ No sound ] 35 00:19:40,833 --> 00:19:41,933 -Okay, guys. 36 00:19:41,933 --> 00:19:43,300 -All right. 37 00:19:43,300 --> 00:19:46,333 [ Indistinct talking ] 38 00:20:10,967 --> 00:20:12,533 -Wait, wait, wait, wait, wait. 39 00:20:12,533 --> 00:20:13,867 -Push it in. 40 00:20:13,867 --> 00:20:17,000 -Yeah, push down. 41 00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:19,867 [ Indistinct talking ] 42 00:20:21,467 --> 00:20:23,400 -How does that feel compared to the trainer? 43 00:20:23,400 --> 00:20:25,733 [ Machinery whirring ] 44 00:20:33,633 --> 00:20:36,267 -You can see some detail in here. 45 00:20:36,267 --> 00:20:38,433 That means it may not go in all the way. 46 00:20:38,433 --> 00:20:40,767 So if you see that as it goes, it shouldn't -- 47 00:20:40,767 --> 00:20:43,633 [ Indistinct talking ] 48 00:20:51,500 --> 00:20:53,933 [ Beeping ] 49 00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:10,700 [ Indistinct talking ] 50 00:21:25,900 --> 00:21:28,267 -How does that feel compared to the trainer? 51 00:21:28,267 --> 00:21:29,900 -Push it in. -Yeah, push down. 52 00:21:29,900 --> 00:21:32,900 [ Indistinct talking ] 53 00:21:32,900 --> 00:21:34,800 -[ Speaks indistinctly ] 54 00:21:43,067 --> 00:21:46,300 [ Indistinct talking ] 55 00:21:55,367 --> 00:21:59,667 -It's one of those police lights. 56 00:21:59,667 --> 00:22:01,767 -[ Speaks indistinctly ] 57 00:22:01,767 --> 00:22:03,400 -There we go, okay. 58 00:22:53,400 --> 00:22:55,567 -We hadn't heard anything about it. 59 00:22:55,567 --> 00:22:58,500 On Cooper's calendar, 60 00:22:58,500 --> 00:23:02,400 it says that they're supposed to be putting patches in today. 61 00:23:03,833 --> 00:23:06,233 [ Indistinct talking ] 62 00:23:19,400 --> 00:23:21,433 -And what does he say? 63 00:23:26,367 --> 00:23:29,067 [ Speaks indistinctly ] 64 00:24:08,067 --> 00:24:10,267 [ No sound ] 65 00:25:00,600 --> 00:25:03,033 -T-minus 10, go for main engine start. 66 00:25:03,033 --> 00:25:04,933 We are go for main engine start. 67 00:25:04,933 --> 00:25:10,533 T-minus six, five, four, three, two, one, 68 00:25:10,533 --> 00:25:13,500 and lift off of the Space Shuttle Discovery 69 00:25:13,500 --> 00:25:17,667 with the Hubble Space Telescope, our window on the universe. 70 00:25:19,533 --> 00:25:22,700 -Mission Control Houston? 71 00:25:22,700 --> 00:25:25,233 -Roll program. 72 00:25:25,233 --> 00:25:27,867 -Roger, roll, Discovery. 73 00:25:27,867 --> 00:25:30,900 [ No sound ] 74 00:26:21,900 --> 00:26:24,567 [ No sound ] 75 00:27:21,900 --> 00:27:24,667 [ No sound ] 76 00:28:59,367 --> 00:29:01,933 [ No sound ] 77 00:29:59,367 --> 00:30:02,267 [ No sound ] 78 00:30:59,367 --> 00:31:02,067 [ No sound ] 79 00:31:59,367 --> 00:32:01,800 [ No sound ] 80 00:32:59,367 --> 00:33:02,000 [ No sound ] 81 00:33:36,567 --> 00:33:39,267 [ No sound ] 82 00:35:12,600 --> 00:35:15,667 -Hubble is a 20-year mission to explore the universe, 83 00:35:15,667 --> 00:35:18,233 and over that period of time, 84 00:35:18,233 --> 00:35:20,367 its science instruments have been changed 85 00:35:20,367 --> 00:35:23,800 and upgraded to take advantage of new technology 86 00:35:23,800 --> 00:35:31,367 so that we could do new and more exciting science with it. 87 00:35:31,367 --> 00:35:33,467 The science instruments that are going to be installed 88 00:35:33,467 --> 00:35:35,033 on the upcoming servicing mission 89 00:35:35,033 --> 00:35:37,100 will extend its capability, 90 00:35:37,100 --> 00:35:40,133 and on Servicing Mission Four, there will be another large 91 00:35:40,133 --> 00:35:42,900 jump in capability of the observatory. 92 00:35:42,900 --> 00:35:46,133 Hubble can look at objects within our solar system 93 00:35:46,133 --> 00:35:49,100 and our galaxy as well as outside of our galaxy, 94 00:35:49,100 --> 00:35:52,867 and the increased sensitivity of the new instruments 95 00:35:52,867 --> 00:35:56,667 will result in some really profound discoveries, 96 00:35:56,667 --> 00:35:58,933 we believe, over the next 10 years, 97 00:35:58,933 --> 00:36:00,800 during the remainder of its mission. 98 00:36:06,633 --> 00:36:09,733 Servicing Mission 3B for the Hubble Space Telescope 99 00:36:09,733 --> 00:36:11,300 is important for two reasons: 100 00:36:11,300 --> 00:36:13,533 Number one, we're providing a major upgrade 101 00:36:13,533 --> 00:36:15,267 in terms of science capability. 102 00:36:15,267 --> 00:36:17,000 We're adding a new science instrument, 103 00:36:17,000 --> 00:36:21,600 and we're bringing back to life the infrared camera. 104 00:36:21,600 --> 00:36:24,833 And reason number two is we're making important upgrades 105 00:36:24,833 --> 00:36:26,833 in terms of maintenance to the observatory. 106 00:36:26,833 --> 00:36:28,333 We're adding new solar rays, 107 00:36:28,333 --> 00:36:30,300 and we're changing out the power control unit 108 00:36:30,300 --> 00:36:33,767 which is a critical element in the electrical power subsystem. 109 00:36:37,767 --> 00:36:39,767 [ No sound ] 110 00:36:39,767 --> 00:36:43,733 The biggest challenge to the Hubble Space Telescope Program 111 00:36:43,733 --> 00:36:49,033 is servicing the observatory while continuing to pump out 112 00:36:49,033 --> 00:36:54,867 a stream of world-class scientific data and information. 113 00:36:54,867 --> 00:36:55,900 That's a tough thing to do. 114 00:37:22,400 --> 00:37:24,267 [ No sound ] 115 00:37:24,267 --> 00:37:27,400 -Another very important thing for the advance camera 116 00:37:27,400 --> 00:37:31,167 for surveys and the NICMOS camera, 117 00:37:31,167 --> 00:37:33,833 if we're able to revive it with a NICMOS cryocooler, 118 00:37:33,833 --> 00:37:36,467 will be to continue to explore this subject 119 00:37:36,467 --> 00:37:38,667 of why is this universe accelerating? 120 00:37:38,667 --> 00:37:40,200 What is the dark energy? 121 00:37:40,200 --> 00:37:42,633 What's the negative gravity that's causing the universe 122 00:37:42,633 --> 00:37:45,600 to speed up instead of slow down? 123 00:37:45,600 --> 00:37:48,500 Probably the single biggest mystery in physics today 124 00:37:48,500 --> 00:37:52,200 is that question, and I believe we'll make significant progress 125 00:37:52,200 --> 00:37:53,800 with the new instrumentation 126 00:37:53,800 --> 00:37:58,767 to at least start to outline the parameters of the answer, 127 00:37:58,767 --> 00:38:01,367 if not provide the direct answer itself. 128 00:38:01,367 --> 00:38:03,400 [ No sound ] 129 00:38:07,600 --> 00:38:10,100 I'm amazed by what Hubble continues to do 130 00:38:10,100 --> 00:38:14,667 that surprises us, and we have some new stories 131 00:38:14,667 --> 00:38:15,933 coming along that I'm not at liberty 132 00:38:15,933 --> 00:38:19,633 to talk about right now that are big surprises, 133 00:38:19,633 --> 00:38:22,433 not just the outcome of the story 134 00:38:22,433 --> 00:38:24,867 but the fact that Hubble could do it all. 135 00:38:24,867 --> 00:38:30,467 And 40 percent of the highest-impact subjects 136 00:38:30,467 --> 00:38:32,233 that Hubble has -- 137 00:38:32,233 --> 00:38:34,700 Highest-impact results that Hubble has achieved 138 00:38:34,700 --> 00:38:38,800 were totally unexpected before Hubble was launched. 139 00:38:38,800 --> 00:38:41,400 And I expect that, 5 or 7 years from now, 140 00:38:41,400 --> 00:38:42,800 Hubble will be working on subjects 141 00:38:42,800 --> 00:38:44,267 that we can't anticipate today. 142 00:38:44,267 --> 00:38:46,700 We don't even know how to ask the questions today. 143 00:38:46,700 --> 00:38:47,933 That's the way science progresses. 144 00:38:47,933 --> 00:38:49,300 That's the way it works, 145 00:38:49,300 --> 00:38:53,033 and Hubble has been a superb tool in being there 146 00:38:53,033 --> 00:38:55,667 and being ready when new questions come along 147 00:38:55,667 --> 00:38:57,233 to be able to go after the answers 148 00:38:57,233 --> 00:38:59,767 in a really solid, rigorous way. 149 00:38:59,767 --> 00:39:01,100 And I'd just like to see Hubble 150 00:39:01,100 --> 00:39:02,533 continue to do that forever and ever. 151 00:39:02,533 --> 00:39:04,467 Of course, it can't last forever, 152 00:39:04,467 --> 00:39:05,867 but one way or another, 153 00:39:05,867 --> 00:39:09,067 we need that capability in space all the time. 154 00:39:35,233 --> 00:39:36,867 [ No sound ] 155 00:39:36,867 --> 00:39:39,667 -The cryocooler is a very interesting 156 00:39:39,667 --> 00:39:41,967 piece of high technology that, I think, 157 00:39:41,967 --> 00:39:45,567 we want to develop for NASA's portfolio, for future missions. 158 00:39:45,567 --> 00:39:50,267 It's also a piece of equipment that will improve 159 00:39:50,267 --> 00:39:52,733 Hubble's productivity tremendously. 160 00:39:52,733 --> 00:39:55,167 It's an experimental piece of equipment. 161 00:39:55,167 --> 00:39:57,533 We do want to highlight the fact that, you know, 162 00:39:57,533 --> 00:39:59,833 unlike many things in Hubble, where we work very hard 163 00:39:59,833 --> 00:40:01,733 to guarantee that things will be working 164 00:40:01,733 --> 00:40:04,967 because Hubble is such an important international asset, 165 00:40:04,967 --> 00:40:06,567 this particular piece of equipment 166 00:40:06,567 --> 00:40:08,400 is an experimental piece of equipment. 167 00:40:08,400 --> 00:40:11,567 We've done our best to make sure that it will work, 168 00:40:11,567 --> 00:40:13,667 but since it is new, and it's never been done before, 169 00:40:13,667 --> 00:40:15,367 it's very hard to guarantee. 170 00:40:15,367 --> 00:40:19,400 And so we do hope that it will work for a 5-year-ish 171 00:40:19,400 --> 00:40:22,500 sort of time frame, and we have every expectation 172 00:40:22,500 --> 00:40:24,733 that it will do the job that we expect of it. 173 00:40:29,833 --> 00:40:31,200 Measuring the infrared 174 00:40:31,200 --> 00:40:34,233 is a very important goal for Hubble right now, 175 00:40:34,233 --> 00:40:38,567 especially because the scientific is up to the point 176 00:40:38,567 --> 00:40:40,300 where we can begin to understand 177 00:40:40,300 --> 00:40:43,267 what's happening in the earliest phases of the universe. 178 00:40:43,267 --> 00:40:46,433 And we're really looking back at a time when the stars, 179 00:40:46,433 --> 00:40:47,867 galaxies and all the structures 180 00:40:47,867 --> 00:40:50,333 that we know are in the universe were just being born, 181 00:40:50,333 --> 00:40:52,467 and we have a chance to understand that 182 00:40:52,467 --> 00:40:55,267 and fundamentally understand where it is we came from 183 00:40:55,267 --> 00:40:58,100 and how the universe got to be the way it is. 184 00:40:58,100 --> 00:41:00,600 And, so, in this particular area of study, 185 00:41:00,600 --> 00:41:03,600 the infrared instruments are extremely important, 186 00:41:03,600 --> 00:41:05,833 and equipment like the cryocooler 187 00:41:05,833 --> 00:41:08,533 is really what enables these kind of of measurements. 188 00:41:14,267 --> 00:41:17,333 So what we expect to be doing with the cryocooler 189 00:41:17,333 --> 00:41:21,267 is that we'll open the doors at the aft shroud of the Hubble 190 00:41:21,267 --> 00:41:23,267 which is where the NICMOS instrument is. 191 00:41:23,267 --> 00:41:26,767 The astronauts will install the cryocooler into the aft shroud 192 00:41:26,767 --> 00:41:29,833 and connect up two bayonets in the flexible tubes 193 00:41:29,833 --> 00:41:31,033 to two fittings 194 00:41:31,033 --> 00:41:33,167 that are currently on the NICMOS instrument. 195 00:41:33,167 --> 00:41:35,467 And so what this will do is make the gas connections 196 00:41:35,467 --> 00:41:37,067 and the electrical connections to make sure 197 00:41:37,067 --> 00:41:39,000 that the cooler is working. 198 00:41:39,000 --> 00:41:41,033 Then what we'll do is, we'll turn on the cooler, 199 00:41:41,033 --> 00:41:42,633 and there will be three loops 200 00:41:42,633 --> 00:41:45,567 that are involved in cooling the NICMOS. 201 00:41:45,567 --> 00:41:49,200 First is a loop that connects between the cooler 202 00:41:49,200 --> 00:41:51,200 and the NICMOS instrument itself, 203 00:41:51,200 --> 00:41:55,233 so it'll be circulating gas from the NICMOS to the cooler 204 00:41:55,233 --> 00:41:56,667 so that they can remove the heat 205 00:41:56,667 --> 00:41:58,933 that's inside the NICMOS into the cooler. 206 00:41:58,933 --> 00:42:00,800 There's a second loop in the cooler 207 00:42:00,800 --> 00:42:03,867 that then chills the cooler itself 208 00:42:03,867 --> 00:42:06,533 and removes the heat there from the place 209 00:42:06,533 --> 00:42:10,000 where the NICMOS dumps its heat to an external plate. 210 00:42:10,000 --> 00:42:11,433 And then the final cooling loop 211 00:42:11,433 --> 00:42:14,333 between the heat exchanger thermal plate 212 00:42:14,333 --> 00:42:16,033 and then the radiator on the outside, 213 00:42:16,033 --> 00:42:18,800 which is where all the heat gets dumped out into space, 214 00:42:18,800 --> 00:42:20,900 so it's a three-loop system. 215 00:42:20,900 --> 00:42:23,800 It requires an external radiator 216 00:42:23,800 --> 00:42:27,333 because the cryocooler does burn a lot of electricity, 217 00:42:27,333 --> 00:42:29,033 and we need to reject that heat into space 218 00:42:29,033 --> 00:42:30,633 through those radiators.