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♪
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>> Hello and welcome to NASA
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science live.
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An opportunity to come behind
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the scenes and get to know your
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space agency.
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I'm your host, Sophia Roberts.
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This show gives you an
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opportunity to ask NASA
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scientists questions and get
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answers.
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First, here is the hottest news
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from around the galaxy brought
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to you by our cosmic news anchor
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Scot Bednar.
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Scott, what have you got for us?
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>> Thank you, Sophia.
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I'm Scot Bednar reporting live
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from the cosmic news corner, and
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have I got news for you.
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History was made when the first
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ever image of a black hole and
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it's shadow was unveiled to the
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world.
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The photo may be blurry, and you
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may say to yourself, did I just
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catch the black hole?
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No, we've never been able to
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image one.
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It took eight radio telescopes
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around the world working
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together as one earth-sized
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telescope to capture this image.
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The non-scientific term
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describes a black hole is what
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you get with holes in socks.
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NASA's mission has discovered
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that water is being released
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from the moon during meter
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showers.
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It strikes the move and vapizes
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and creates a shockwave in the
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Lunar soil.
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This shockwave can release the
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upper level and release water
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molecules from the layer below
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it.
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It there is water on the moon.
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Have you heard?
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NASA is sending a helicopter to
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the red planet.
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A helicopter to mars.
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Now, this isn't your every day,
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run of the mill helicopter.
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With the body of size of a
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rolled up ginny pig this will be
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in the thin atmosphere of mars.
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We've sent orbiters, landers and
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rovers.
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Think what would be possible
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from the air.
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NASA is taking science to new
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heights.
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Meanwhile, it's earth day.
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Have you thrown away those
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plastic straws?
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How about planting a tree.
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NASA secrets you--invites you to
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take a picture using #picture
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earth.
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It can be a setting sun, a
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blooming flour or a pile of
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dirt.
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NASA will take this to a cause
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of legit pro portions.
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Hungry for more NASA news?
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Check it out, you might even
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learn something.
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Back to you, Sophia.
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>> Thanks, Scott.
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Happy earth day.
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Today's episode celebrates what
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makes our homes special and
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weird.
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We've been asking you to send us
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pictures of your environment.
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Take a look on social media and
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there is still time for you to
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submit your own picture.
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During today's episode we're
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going to talk about some of the
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features that make our home
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weird, how we study our planet
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and how we might see these
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features elsewhere in the solar
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system.
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Send your questions #ask NASA.
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Before we go any further, let's
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look at how earth is unique.
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>> Earth.
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Home.
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>> Of all that NASA has
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explored, none have matched the
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complexity of our own.
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Deserts, tropical forests, icy
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poles, massive storms, a unique
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atmosphere that protects and
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insulates us, liquid water spans
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its surface.
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And a delicate balance of
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systems gives way to a
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kaleidoscope of life.
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Earth is a very special place.
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From the vantage point of space,
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the perspective of sky and sea,
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we study our planet not only to
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learn about it, but also to
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protect.
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>> Earth is weird.
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There is an active moving core.
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A magnetic field that protects
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our planet, a delicate
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atmosphere and fresh water that
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moves throughout the land and
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air.
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Then the weirdest of all: us.
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There is nowhere else in the
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solar system where we have found
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life like our home planet.
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We're going to talk to three
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experts who will help us dive in
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these topics.
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We have Annmarie Eldering from
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NASA's jpl who is working on the
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orbiting carbon serve tore.
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We've Jim Garvin, NASA's chief
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scientist and Alicia Joseph, a
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leading scientist here at
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Goddard.
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I'm going to start with you,
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Jim, how do we get water on our
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earth?
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>> So our planet was born four
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and a half billion years ago
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when it came together.
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It formed hot.
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As it formed it was collided
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with from the remnants in our
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solar system.
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Some were water edge.
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Comets and then volcanos
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erupted, releasing even more
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water.
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And it effects even the rocks on
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our continent.
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We are the water planet.
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>> Whoo, and Alicia, how does it
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move there our atmosphere.
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>> Well, it's a fascinating
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process which describes how
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water moves above and below the
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earth's surface.
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Water moves from one reservoir
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to another, for example, ice,
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fresh and saline water like
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ocean, lakes, rivers, and
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aquifers and the atmosphere.
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By the physical process of
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evaporation, precipitation, and
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surface run off.
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In doing so water goes through
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various forms like ice in its
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solid state, liquid and vapor in
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its gasseous state.
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>> Can you talk to us about how
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our atmosphere has formed?
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>> Our planet is special because
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it's big enough to contain an
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atmosphere.
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When the earth released gasses
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and it built up over time, and
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affected our planet and slowly
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began the activity of life.
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That's what makes our planet
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atmosphere so unique.
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>> Yes, our atmosphere is just
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perfect for us.
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It has 21% oxygen.
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That's what we breathe, a whole
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lot of nitrogen and other gasses
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in trace amounts.
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One of those is carbon dioxide.
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It's like a blanket and keeps
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our heat comfortable.
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But in concentration is
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something that we need to keep
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our eye on.
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And and if it's high in the
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atmosphere it protect us from uv
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radiation.
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>> One of the things I don't
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think about when we talk about
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the earth but is super important
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is on the inside.
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That's our core.
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Jim, can you tell us about our
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earth's core?
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>> Our planet is special because
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we have a sweet inner score.
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And an outer liquid core that
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moves and it rotates and create
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a geomagnetic field.
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And that field is the force
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field that protects us from all
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that nasty space radiation that
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if we moved beyond it we would
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be experiencing.
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We're lucky to have an inner
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core.
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We look at such elements on
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other planets like mars, where
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we'll be working for the martian
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core.
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>> Now is our chance to take
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questions from you.
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If you can send your questions
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in, use #ask NASA, and go to
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Twitter.
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Vickie on face back is asking
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how come earth is the only
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planet with water and oceans?
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>> Well, I will say this, first,
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some of the planets and
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planet-like objects have oceans,
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but you don't see them on the
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surface.
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One of the big moons of Jupiter
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called Europa, about the size of
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our moon, probably has a bigger
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ocean than earth under an ice
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shell.
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And a lot of mars is frozen.
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So it's not exactly that planets
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you see what you get.
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There are ocean worlds to
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discover.
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>> Excellent.
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On Twitter, how many advances in
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space technology have helped us
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on earth?
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>> I think the answer is a lot.
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[laughing]
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I mean, I know there is
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insulating materials that were
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deviled for space program that
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benefited us in our lives.
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>> Laser detection we can use to
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figure outdistances to things
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that led us to driverless cars.
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And there are things in our
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atmosphere that affect our
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quality of life.
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>> Every day at NASA, scientists
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and engineers are continuing to
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push the envelope and to do
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research to take it further and
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give us more information.
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>> What planet have we
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discovered is the closest in
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characteristics to earth?
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>> Well, it depends on how you
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look at it.
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For me that world would be mars.
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Even though it has less
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atmosphere, it's colder, but it
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has a history book written in
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the rocks, so it really is like
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earth's brother.
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But don't forget Venus.
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She's hiding her secrets and we
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have to get to know better.
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>> Wonderful.
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Ask #NASA.
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Let's talk about how we study
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earth and the processes that
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work on this planet.
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Annmarie, can you tell us how we
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study earth.
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>> Humans have been studying
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earth by looking in the sky and
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00:12:36.005 --> 00:12:36.806
around us.
292
00:12:36.806 --> 00:12:37.740
But there is only so much you
293
00:12:37.740 --> 00:12:39.408
can learn that way.
294
00:12:39.408 --> 00:12:44.246
By using satellites you can how
295
00:12:44.246 --> 00:12:46.148
everything is connected.
296
00:12:46.148 --> 00:12:52.254
I'm going to tell you about
297
00:12:52.254 --> 00:12:54.089
carbon dioxide.
298
00:12:54.089 --> 00:12:56.091
You can see how quickly it moves
299
00:12:56.091 --> 00:12:58.060
around and it's emitted by
300
00:12:58.060 --> 00:13:01.497
humans when we burn fossil fuel
301
00:13:01.497 --> 00:13:03.933
we put it up in the atmosphere.
302
00:13:03.933 --> 00:13:05.768
It's like a blanket capturing
303
00:13:05.768 --> 00:13:06.435
heat.
304
00:13:06.435 --> 00:13:07.770
When the amount increases it
305
00:13:07.770 --> 00:13:09.338
keeps us really warm.
306
00:13:09.338 --> 00:13:12.608
But carbon dioxide is dynamic
307
00:13:12.608 --> 00:13:15.144
with other parts of our earth.
308
00:13:15.144 --> 00:13:17.746
The plants on the earth take it
309
00:13:17.746 --> 00:13:20.850
up from the atmosphere and
310
00:13:20.850 --> 00:13:22.585
release it when the leaves fall
311
00:13:22.585 --> 00:13:23.419
off.
312
00:13:23.419 --> 00:13:25.154
To understand it and pull these
313
00:13:25.154 --> 00:13:27.857
pieces apart and see why each
314
00:13:27.857 --> 00:13:29.658
piece is different in the carbon
315
00:13:29.658 --> 00:13:31.260
cycle we use satellites to do
316
00:13:31.260 --> 00:13:32.361
that.
317
00:13:32.361 --> 00:13:35.097
We have o Co2 which has been up
318
00:13:35.097 --> 00:13:37.366
there since 2014.
319
00:13:37.366 --> 00:13:40.503
This is a model one-tenth in
320
00:13:40.503 --> 00:13:41.170
size.
321
00:13:41.170 --> 00:13:42.471
The real thing is about the size
322
00:13:42.471 --> 00:13:43.906
of a refrigerator.
323
00:13:43.906 --> 00:13:48.177
There is a payload going up to
324
00:13:48.177 --> 00:13:58.988
the international space station
325
00:13:58.988 --> 00:14:00.723
with oco-3.
326
00:14:00.723 --> 00:14:01.857
>> That's happening soon.
327
00:14:01.857 --> 00:14:02.424
>> Yes.
328
00:14:02.424 --> 00:14:05.094
>> And we have the water cycle
329
00:14:05.094 --> 00:14:06.862
that is important.
330
00:14:06.862 --> 00:14:11.534
>> We use satellite, campaigns
331
00:14:11.534 --> 00:14:13.669
and ground instruments to study
332
00:14:13.669 --> 00:14:14.803
water.
333
00:14:14.803 --> 00:14:16.672
Water is abundant on earth.
334
00:14:16.672 --> 00:14:19.942
Approximately 71% of the earth's
335
00:14:19.942 --> 00:14:22.478
surface is covered by water.
336
00:14:22.478 --> 00:14:26.782
However, less than 3% is fresh
337
00:14:26.782 --> 00:14:26.982
water.
338
00:14:26.982 --> 00:14:36.859
Meaning, potable or suitable for
339
00:14:36.859 --> 00:14:37.726
drinking.
340
00:14:37.726 --> 00:14:42.264
And of this, two-thirds is
341
00:14:42.264 --> 00:14:45.134
locked up in ice caps and
342
00:14:45.134 --> 00:14:47.102
glaciers.
343
00:14:47.102 --> 00:14:49.104
So fresh water is rare.
344
00:14:49.104 --> 00:14:53.242
We have satellites like snap,
345
00:14:53.242 --> 00:14:55.110
grace, which studies ground
346
00:14:55.110 --> 00:15:01.951
water, and land which can study
347
00:15:01.951 --> 00:15:11.827
the evaporate.
348
00:15:11.827 --> 00:15:15.164
Collect data on small water
349
00:15:15.164 --> 00:15:19.301
equivalent, and this data is
350
00:15:19.301 --> 00:15:20.569
important.
351
00:15:20.569 --> 00:15:23.439
It helps improve water
352
00:15:23.439 --> 00:15:30.412
management and it guides
353
00:15:30.412 --> 00:15:31.280
policies.
354
00:15:31.280 --> 00:15:32.247
For example, more than
355
00:15:32.247 --> 00:15:39.088
1.5 billion people rely on for
356
00:15:39.088 --> 00:15:40.089
water supply.
357
00:15:40.089 --> 00:15:42.958
>> You mentioned that NASA has
358
00:15:42.958 --> 00:15:51.600
an airborne observatory.
359
00:15:51.600 --> 00:15:57.740
1.5 billion people is enormous.
360
00:15:57.740 --> 00:16:02.878
We didn't know that it we rely
361
00:16:02.878 --> 00:16:04.446
on know melt.
362
00:16:04.446 --> 00:16:05.714
Let's take a look at this.
363
00:16:05.714 --> 00:16:08.584
>> Yes.
364
00:16:08.584 --> 00:16:10.819
>> Between NASA jpl and the
365
00:16:10.819 --> 00:16:12.321
department of water resources.
366
00:16:12.321 --> 00:16:15.958
We operate in two states in
367
00:16:15.958 --> 00:16:17.793
western U.S.
368
00:16:17.793 --> 00:16:20.663
We operate in California and
369
00:16:20.663 --> 00:16:22.631
Colorado.
370
00:16:22.631 --> 00:16:23.499
We provide information to manage
371
00:16:23.499 --> 00:16:25.200
our water resources.
372
00:16:25.200 --> 00:16:36.545
We have learn two really great
373
00:16:36.545 --> 00:16:41.850
things, the amount of water we
374
00:16:41.850 --> 00:16:45.254
have in the snowpack, and how
375
00:16:45.254 --> 00:16:48.057
reflective it is tells us when
376
00:16:48.057 --> 00:16:50.259
it will melt from the mountains.
377
00:16:50.259 --> 00:16:53.529
We have two instruments on board
378
00:16:53.529 --> 00:16:55.397
that looks at the snowpack.
379
00:16:55.397 --> 00:16:56.665
The first instrument is a
380
00:16:56.665 --> 00:16:58.100
scanning radar.
381
00:16:58.100 --> 00:17:00.235
The second instrument is an
382
00:17:00.235 --> 00:17:08.143
imaging specktrometer.
383
00:17:08.143 --> 00:17:09.945
Right now we're delivering
384
00:17:09.945 --> 00:17:12.247
information to the department of
385
00:17:12.247 --> 00:17:14.149
water resources.
386
00:17:14.149 --> 00:17:15.884
That helps us where to put water
387
00:17:15.884 --> 00:17:18.287
and how to allocate those
388
00:17:18.287 --> 00:17:20.589
resources more efficiently.
389
00:17:20.589 --> 00:17:24.560
It's amazing to be flying at
390
00:17:24.560 --> 00:17:27.563
0,000 feet you get an epic view
391
00:17:27.563 --> 00:17:28.997
of the water shed and a view of
392
00:17:28.997 --> 00:17:30.666
the snowpack and how it's
393
00:17:30.666 --> 00:17:32.401
distributed as a scientist I
394
00:17:32.401 --> 00:17:33.936
really love just sitting up
395
00:17:33.936 --> 00:17:35.070
there and thinking about how I
396
00:17:35.070 --> 00:17:37.239
can understand the snowpack
397
00:17:37.239 --> 00:17:38.207
more.
398
00:17:38.207 --> 00:17:39.641
I start off in the spring
399
00:17:39.641 --> 00:17:40.509
working very long days and
400
00:17:40.509 --> 00:17:41.777
making sure that everything is
401
00:17:41.777 --> 00:17:43.912
going smoothly, but it is really
402
00:17:43.912 --> 00:17:45.914
worth it in the end to give the
403
00:17:45.914 --> 00:17:48.050
data to the folks who need it so
404
00:17:48.050 --> 00:17:49.618
we can improve our lives and
405
00:17:49.618 --> 00:17:51.453
manage our resources more
406
00:17:51.453 --> 00:17:52.321
efficiently.
407
00:17:52.321 --> 00:17:53.756
>> All right, I hear some of you
408
00:17:53.756 --> 00:17:57.159
are wondering about our NASA
409
00:17:57.159 --> 00:17:59.461
spin off technology.
410
00:17:59.461 --> 00:18:00.896
If you're interested in learning
411
00:18:00.896 --> 00:18:04.700
more about spin off technology.
412
00:18:04.700 --> 00:18:09.138
I had no idea before we started
413
00:18:09.138 --> 00:18:11.273
the show that so many relied on
414
00:18:11.273 --> 00:18:12.474
snow melt as a source of
415
00:18:12.474 --> 00:18:13.842
drinking water and it is
416
00:18:13.842 --> 00:18:15.744
incredible how our earth system
417
00:18:15.744 --> 00:18:18.514
is so connected to provide us
418
00:18:18.514 --> 00:18:21.216
with these precious resources.
419
00:18:21.216 --> 00:18:22.651
So we've been talking a lot
420
00:18:22.651 --> 00:18:24.219
about what makes earth special
421
00:18:24.219 --> 00:18:25.654
but it doesn't mean that it's
422
00:18:25.654 --> 00:18:27.222
only earth that has amazing
423
00:18:27.222 --> 00:18:30.893
resources like atmospheres or
424
00:18:30.893 --> 00:18:33.128
volcanos even seas.
425
00:18:33.128 --> 00:18:38.200
Yes, earth is pretty weird, but
426
00:18:38.200 --> 00:18:41.870
we see distinctive qualities in
427
00:18:41.870 --> 00:18:44.873
the solar system and beyond.
428
00:18:44.873 --> 00:18:47.009
Let's look at some of the areas
429
00:18:47.009 --> 00:18:51.380
that share some of these
430
00:18:51.380 --> 00:18:53.282
features.
431
00:18:53.282 --> 00:18:55.684
Where do you think it is?
432
00:18:55.684 --> 00:18:56.685
Type your answers and wherever
433
00:18:56.685 --> 00:18:58.120
you're watching this.
434
00:18:58.120 --> 00:19:02.791
Is this atmosphere a, mercury.
435
00:19:02.791 --> 00:19:06.028
B, pluto.
436
00:19:06.028 --> 00:19:09.498
C, the moon.
437
00:19:09.498 --> 00:19:11.633
A, mercury.
438
00:19:11.633 --> 00:19:13.769
B, pluto.
439
00:19:13.769 --> 00:19:15.037
C, the moon.
440
00:19:15.037 --> 00:19:18.040
The answer is b, pluto.
441
00:19:18.040 --> 00:19:19.875
What is the difference between
442
00:19:19.875 --> 00:19:21.877
this atmosphere and this
443
00:19:21.877 --> 00:19:23.145
atmosphere.
444
00:19:23.145 --> 00:19:24.880
>> This is an atmosphere that we
445
00:19:24.880 --> 00:19:27.249
could not breathe very well.
446
00:19:27.249 --> 00:19:29.952
It has gasses and it also
447
00:19:29.952 --> 00:19:31.854
disappears and reappears almost
448
00:19:31.854 --> 00:19:33.822
completely because it condenses
449
00:19:33.822 --> 00:19:35.691
out and then goes back up.
450
00:19:35.691 --> 00:19:37.059
So it's very different kind of
451
00:19:37.059 --> 00:19:38.927
atmosphere than we have here on
452
00:19:38.927 --> 00:19:39.795
earth.
453
00:19:39.795 --> 00:19:41.063
>> Let's get on to another
454
00:19:41.063 --> 00:19:42.097
question.
455
00:19:42.097 --> 00:19:44.499
There are volcanos on other
456
00:19:44.499 --> 00:19:45.667
planets, too.
457
00:19:45.667 --> 00:19:47.336
Where do you think that this
458
00:19:47.336 --> 00:19:50.205
volcano is in our solar system?
459
00:19:50.205 --> 00:19:51.773
A, Venus.
460
00:19:51.773 --> 00:19:54.176
B, Saturn.
461
00:19:54.176 --> 00:19:56.311
C, mars.
462
00:19:56.311 --> 00:19:59.882
Is it Venus, is it Saturn, or
463
00:19:59.882 --> 00:20:00.549
mars.
464
00:20:00.549 --> 00:20:02.885
The answer is mars.
465
00:20:02.885 --> 00:20:06.555
How do the volcanos on mars
466
00:20:06.555 --> 00:20:08.090
compare to the ones on earth?
467
00:20:08.090 --> 00:20:10.692
>> This volcano is the biggest
468
00:20:10.692 --> 00:20:12.961
volcano we've discovered in our
469
00:20:12.961 --> 00:20:14.396
solar system.
470
00:20:14.396 --> 00:20:15.998
90,000 feet high.
471
00:20:15.998 --> 00:20:19.101
It's as big as France.
472
00:20:19.101 --> 00:20:25.908
One volcano five cubic miles of
473
00:20:25.908 --> 00:20:26.108
rock.
474
00:20:26.108 --> 00:20:31.213
So this is the grandaddy when
475
00:20:31.213 --> 00:20:34.883
this volcano erupted it produced
476
00:20:34.883 --> 00:20:42.724
enough gas to throw
477
00:20:42.724 --> 00:20:45.527
Mediterranean ocean with water.
478
00:20:45.527 --> 00:20:47.162
>> There are other seas but they
479
00:20:47.162 --> 00:20:50.565
may not be made up of water.
480
00:20:50.565 --> 00:20:51.533
Where are these seas?
481
00:20:51.533 --> 00:21:02.644
A, Saturn, b, Europa or c foe
482
00:21:02.644 --> 00:21:06.014
toes.
483
00:21:06.014 --> 00:21:08.050
The answer is a.
484
00:21:08.050 --> 00:21:09.318
Are these similar to the ones on
485
00:21:09.318 --> 00:21:10.519
earth?
486
00:21:10.519 --> 00:21:12.120
>> They're very different.
487
00:21:12.120 --> 00:21:12.988
These seas are made of
488
00:21:12.988 --> 00:21:15.357
hydrocarbon and they freeze from
489
00:21:15.357 --> 00:21:16.425
the bottom up.
490
00:21:16.425 --> 00:21:17.726
We're seeing them through the
491
00:21:17.726 --> 00:21:22.898
eyes of radar flying on the
492
00:21:22.898 --> 00:21:24.666
radar Cassini.
493
00:21:24.666 --> 00:21:28.136
And it is bigger than our moon
494
00:21:28.136 --> 00:21:29.404
to our planet.
495
00:21:29.404 --> 00:21:31.540
This is the connectivity of our
496
00:21:31.540 --> 00:21:33.842
planet to other worlds.
497
00:21:33.842 --> 00:21:37.245
>> So did any of you get those
498
00:21:37.245 --> 00:21:39.648
at home right?
499
00:21:39.648 --> 00:21:41.550
Our scientists are ready to
500
00:21:41.550 --> 00:21:46.655
answer your questions using #ask
501
00:21:46.655 --> 00:21:47.356
NASA.
502
00:21:47.356 --> 00:21:52.761
How did earth cool down?
503
00:21:52.761 --> 00:21:54.496
>> Well,.
504
00:21:54.496 --> 00:21:55.597
>> Sounds like another Jim
505
00:21:55.597 --> 00:21:56.164
question.
506
00:21:56.164 --> 00:21:59.601
>> Well, our planet was big and
507
00:21:59.601 --> 00:22:00.602
born hot.
508
00:22:00.602 --> 00:22:07.275
But conduction and the planet
509
00:22:07.275 --> 00:22:08.310
cooled down.
510
00:22:08.310 --> 00:22:10.712
But it's still warm and we have
511
00:22:10.712 --> 00:22:13.348
undersea volcanos that help to
512
00:22:13.348 --> 00:22:15.684
get rid of that excessive heat
513
00:22:15.684 --> 00:22:17.686
on our planet.
514
00:22:17.686 --> 00:22:18.787
While that's happening the
515
00:22:18.787 --> 00:22:20.222
planet's regulating itself
516
00:22:20.222 --> 00:22:20.956
inside.
517
00:22:20.956 --> 00:22:23.658
So that's what makes earth so
518
00:22:23.658 --> 00:22:24.493
spectacular.
519
00:22:24.493 --> 00:22:26.495
We have action everywhere.
520
00:22:26.495 --> 00:22:29.297
>> All right, Susan on Facebook
521
00:22:29.297 --> 00:22:31.500
is asking, is there evidence of
522
00:22:31.500 --> 00:22:34.503
other planet's cores that used
523
00:22:34.503 --> 00:22:36.171
to behave like ours?
524
00:22:36.171 --> 00:22:45.013
>> We did detect the science of
525
00:22:45.013 --> 00:22:47.282
magnetic field on mars.
526
00:22:47.282 --> 00:22:48.717
But then something happened,
527
00:22:48.717 --> 00:22:53.155
mars managed to lose its
528
00:22:53.155 --> 00:22:54.556
magnetic field.
529
00:22:54.556 --> 00:22:55.524
How do you do that?
530
00:22:55.524 --> 00:22:58.960
I haven't lost a magnetic field
531
00:22:58.960 --> 00:22:59.127
yet.
532
00:22:59.127 --> 00:23:02.464
You need that to sustain life
533
00:23:02.464 --> 00:23:03.932
today.
534
00:23:03.932 --> 00:23:10.072
So good for either, let's watch
535
00:23:10.072 --> 00:23:10.372
mars.
536
00:23:10.372 --> 00:23:12.140
>> How big is the ozone hole and
537
00:23:12.140 --> 00:23:13.642
has it changed?
538
00:23:13.642 --> 00:23:14.910
>> That's a great question.
539
00:23:14.910 --> 00:23:17.212
The ozone hole, I don't have a
540
00:23:17.212 --> 00:23:19.047
number in square miles but I can
541
00:23:19.047 --> 00:23:21.883
tell you that it's not as big
542
00:23:21.883 --> 00:23:25.153
now that it used to be.
543
00:23:25.153 --> 00:23:28.557
Remember those aerosol spray
544
00:23:28.557 --> 00:23:29.424
cans?
545
00:23:29.424 --> 00:23:34.830
No more of that, we are we're
546
00:23:34.830 --> 00:23:36.364
starting to see the repair of
547
00:23:36.364 --> 00:23:39.101
the ozone holes.
548
00:23:39.101 --> 00:23:40.235
>> What are some of the things
549
00:23:40.235 --> 00:23:42.537
that we can do to nurture our
550
00:23:42.537 --> 00:23:43.805
planet.
551
00:23:43.805 --> 00:23:45.674
>> Buy less stuff.
552
00:23:45.674 --> 00:23:47.509
The less stuff we buy, the less
553
00:23:47.509 --> 00:23:49.211
has to be made.
554
00:23:49.211 --> 00:23:49.911
That's good.
555
00:23:49.911 --> 00:23:56.017
I'm a big fan of the bicycle.
556
00:23:56.017 --> 00:23:57.619
That's one thing I do to reduce
557
00:23:57.619 --> 00:23:58.720
my driving.
558
00:23:58.720 --> 00:24:01.022
>> Conservation of our natural
559
00:24:01.022 --> 00:24:02.457
resources like water and other
560
00:24:02.457 --> 00:24:03.458
things.
561
00:24:03.458 --> 00:24:05.160
>> And plant trees.
562
00:24:05.160 --> 00:24:07.395
>> Yes.
563
00:24:07.395 --> 00:24:07.629
>> Yes.
564
00:24:07.629 --> 00:24:12.367
All right, Alicia, we have
565
00:24:12.367 --> 00:24:13.401
another question for you, which
566
00:24:13.401 --> 00:24:16.805
is how do satellites track the
567
00:24:16.805 --> 00:24:17.706
movement of water?
568
00:24:17.706 --> 00:24:20.242
>> Well, we use satellites to
569
00:24:20.242 --> 00:24:23.645
track the movement of water in
570
00:24:23.645 --> 00:24:25.380
various ways.
571
00:24:25.380 --> 00:24:26.448
We have several missions that
572
00:24:26.448 --> 00:24:27.382
are up.
573
00:24:27.382 --> 00:24:30.018
For example, we have snap, as I
574
00:24:30.018 --> 00:24:33.889
mentioned, and we track soil
575
00:24:33.889 --> 00:24:35.624
moisture using that.
576
00:24:35.624 --> 00:24:38.160
We have gpn, the global
577
00:24:38.160 --> 00:24:40.328
precipitation measurement, and
578
00:24:40.328 --> 00:24:42.297
we use that to track
579
00:24:42.297 --> 00:24:45.867
precipitation, that is pulled
580
00:24:45.867 --> 00:24:47.435
from the air.
581
00:24:47.435 --> 00:24:52.274
And ice and the air flow where
582
00:24:52.274 --> 00:24:55.710
we track the ice and snow in our
583
00:24:55.710 --> 00:24:57.546
atmosphere and on the surface of
584
00:24:57.546 --> 00:24:58.947
the earth.
585
00:24:58.947 --> 00:25:01.516
>> I'm glad we're doing so much.
586
00:25:01.516 --> 00:25:03.652
All right, how does global
587
00:25:03.652 --> 00:25:05.954
warming affect earth?
588
00:25:05.954 --> 00:25:09.224
>> Wow, that's a long answer.
589
00:25:09.224 --> 00:25:11.927
I'll give you a couple of ideas.
590
00:25:11.927 --> 00:25:14.763
First thing we want to say is
591
00:25:14.763 --> 00:25:16.031
that the temperatures have been
592
00:25:16.031 --> 00:25:16.765
increasing.
593
00:25:16.765 --> 00:25:17.632
We can see that in the
594
00:25:17.632 --> 00:25:19.067
temperature record the fact that
595
00:25:19.067 --> 00:25:20.335
many times we see where the
596
00:25:20.335 --> 00:25:23.004
hottest year on record.
597
00:25:23.004 --> 00:25:24.272
The ice sheets are another
598
00:25:24.272 --> 00:25:27.442
place, and the we sea the sea
599
00:25:27.442 --> 00:25:29.844
levels increasing, and that ice
600
00:25:29.844 --> 00:25:32.714
sheeting area is shrinking.
601
00:25:32.714 --> 00:25:37.152
That all impacts from the
602
00:25:37.152 --> 00:25:38.119
warming temperatures.
603
00:25:38.119 --> 00:25:39.387
>> Things that were never
604
00:25:39.387 --> 00:25:41.823
exposed are now exposed.
605
00:25:41.823 --> 00:25:44.526
Green land has now been exposed.
606
00:25:44.526 --> 00:25:47.229
We're finding airports from 50,
607
00:25:47.229 --> 00:25:51.199
70 years ago that were buried in
608
00:25:51.199 --> 00:25:53.201
ice that are showing some of
609
00:25:53.201 --> 00:25:56.605
those consequences.
610
00:25:56.605 --> 00:25:59.474
>> That's all the time that we
611
00:25:59.474 --> 00:26:00.475
have today.
612
00:26:00.475 --> 00:26:10.585
Thank you for participating and
613
00:26:10.585 --> 00:26:12.487
sending questions in, keep
614
00:26:12.487 --> 00:26:14.289
sending them in.
615
00:26:14.289 --> 00:26:15.824
On earth, the combination of
616
00:26:15.824 --> 00:26:17.259
features come together in a
617
00:26:17.259 --> 00:26:19.394
perfect balance, and it gives us
618
00:26:19.394 --> 00:26:21.830
an oasis in space.
619
00:26:21.830 --> 00:26:26.234
So scientists considering, in
620
00:26:26.234 --> 00:26:27.936
under five years, are your
621
00:26:27.936 --> 00:26:29.371
favorite things about earth?
622
00:26:29.371 --> 00:26:31.773
>> For me a snowy day on a
623
00:26:31.773 --> 00:26:34.075
mountaintop.
624
00:26:34.075 --> 00:26:38.913
>> Our spaceship earth is like
625
00:26:38.913 --> 00:26:41.616
an island in space.
626
00:26:41.616 --> 00:26:44.152
It mimics how our planet is.
627
00:26:44.152 --> 00:26:46.454
>> I love the regenerative
628
00:26:46.454 --> 00:26:48.390
properties of the earth.
629
00:26:48.390 --> 00:26:51.860
The earth heals itself.
630
00:26:51.860 --> 00:26:53.428
>> What is your favorite thing
631
00:26:53.428 --> 00:26:54.129
about earth.
632
00:26:54.129 --> 00:26:58.199
Let's hear from other scientists
633
00:26:58.199 --> 00:26:59.834
about what they have to say.
634
00:26:59.834 --> 00:27:01.836
>> Earth is my favorite planet.
635
00:27:01.836 --> 00:27:04.539
>> My favorite part about planet
636
00:27:04.539 --> 00:27:07.809
earth is the ocean.
637
00:27:07.809 --> 00:27:09.377
>> My favorite part about earth
638
00:27:09.377 --> 00:27:11.079
is that there is life here.
639
00:27:11.079 --> 00:27:12.580
We know that there is life here.
640
00:27:12.580 --> 00:27:15.183
There are so many aspects, the
641
00:27:15.183 --> 00:27:17.185
fact that we're here.
642
00:27:17.185 --> 00:27:20.755
>> That flowing before a
643
00:27:20.755 --> 00:27:21.289
thunderstorm.
644
00:27:21.289 --> 00:27:25.193
>> I enjoy the feel of the wind.
645
00:27:25.193 --> 00:27:29.698
>> Flying on an airplane and
646
00:27:29.698 --> 00:27:33.134
you're between two decks of
647
00:27:33.134 --> 00:27:33.735
clouds.
648
00:27:33.735 --> 00:27:35.937
>> There is so much that we're
649
00:27:35.937 --> 00:27:37.972
learning in the hast two
650
00:27:37.972 --> 00:27:38.840
decades.
651
00:27:38.840 --> 00:27:41.376
>> There is such a large area on
652
00:27:41.376 --> 00:27:43.611
this planet that is basically
653
00:27:43.611 --> 00:27:45.613
relatively unexplored.
654
00:27:45.613 --> 00:27:48.917
>> The depths of the ocean.
655
00:27:48.917 --> 00:27:49.951
>> I think it's fantastic.
656
00:27:49.951 --> 00:27:51.619
>> I think the best thing about
657
00:27:51.619 --> 00:27:53.054
planet earth is that it's so
658
00:27:53.054 --> 00:27:54.789
close to the moon, and the moon
659
00:27:54.789 --> 00:27:55.924
is awesome.
660
00:27:55.924 --> 00:27:57.892
>> The earth has a large moon
661
00:27:57.892 --> 00:28:02.897
and it keeps the planet stable.
662
00:28:02.897 --> 00:28:04.332
>> Our atmosphere.
663
00:28:04.332 --> 00:28:06.468
>> And the feedback between life
664
00:28:06.468 --> 00:28:10.438
and our climate.
665
00:28:10.438 --> 00:28:15.110
>> How sunlight interacts.
666
00:28:15.110 --> 00:28:17.245
>> I love the diversity of life
667
00:28:17.245 --> 00:28:21.850
on earth and all of the places.
668
00:28:21.850 --> 00:28:22.817
It's pretty amazing.
669
00:28:22.817 --> 00:28:25.820
>> And my favorite thing is
670
00:28:25.820 --> 00:28:29.791
carb, sugar, butter and bread.
671
00:28:29.791 --> 00:28:32.794
So happy earth day, friends.
672
00:28:32.794 --> 00:28:34.229
Thank you for joining us.
673
00:28:34.229 --> 00:28:35.113
Next month we'll take you on a
674
00:28:35.113 --> 00:28:36.014
tour of storms across the solar
675
00:28:36.014 --> 00:28:36.781
system.
676
00:28:36.781 --> 00:28:37.949
We'll see you next time.