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>> JOHN: All right, Tool Time
take 126. [SLATE CLACKS] 

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[UPBEAT MUSIC]

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>> JOHN: Hi, I’m John
Grunsfeld, NASA astronaut.

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>>RUSS: Hello, I’m Russ Werneth,
I was the EVA manager for Hubble

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Space Telescope from Goddard. 
>>JOHN: All right, EVA is an

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acronym for extravehicular
activity, which is just a really

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long way of saying “spacewalk.”
I’m wearing some spacewalk

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gloves- >> RUSS: I noticed that!
>> JOHN: To talk about

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spacewalking on the Hubble Space
Telescope. Now the Hubble Space

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Telescope, we all know, it’s
that amazing observatory in

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space that helps us unravel the
mysteries of the universe. But

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when Hubble was first launched
in 1990, we discovered the

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mirror was just slightly
incorrect shape and so the

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images were fuzzy. >> RUSS: And
that slight incorrect problem

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with the mirror was around the
outside edges it was 1/50th the

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diameter of a piece of human
hair too flat. >> JOHN: But it

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was enough that we couldn’t do
the science we had to do. 

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>>RUSS: Space optics, yes. 
>>JOHN: So, in 1993, a crew of

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women and men went up to do five
spacewalks to change out one of

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the scientific instruments with
the Corrective Optics Space

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Telescope Axial Replacement, or 
>> BOTH: COSTAR. >> JOHN: Which

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corrected that optics. In order
to take that instrument out they

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had to use a power tool. >>RUSS:
Now one thing I’d like to

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say about Hubble Space Telescope
is that it was designed,

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engineered, originally, quite
uniquely, to be

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“take-apart-able.” Not a real
word, but that means, and I

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think everybody understands,
that a scientific instrument, or

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a solar array could be taken off
and replaced in case something

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had gone wrong with it, or it
needed repair. And guess what?

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We get new technology all the
time! >> JOHN: The designers put

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in standardized bolts and
interfaces, this means

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connectors, the bolts, and even
doors on the telescope that

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opened and closed. And they had,
those doors had bolts on them,

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and this tool was one of the
tools used to help undo the

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bolts of the instruments of the
doors: it’s called the power

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ratchet tool. >> RUSS: This,
this was the initial power tool

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that we used, as John said, on
our first servicing mission back

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in 1993. It’s doesn’t weigh much
in space. >> JOHN: Floats. 

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>>RUSS: Floats in space. But it
is kind of bulky, so in tool

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development in the future we
came up with other power tools,

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but at the time this was the
tool of choice that we used for

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the tasks that we had on that
very first servicing mission.

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>>JOHN: And so this was used
with an extension on it and a

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socket, to turn bolts so when
you pull the trigger electricity

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would flow from the battery
through this long cable to the

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motor and turn the bolt. And you
could turn it clockwise or

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counter-clockwise, it could also
be used manually in case a bolt

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was stuck just like a big torque
wrench on the ground, which

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means, you know, using your
muscles to crank the bolt in

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case it was stuck. >> RUSS:
Right, we have to consider a lot

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of things, and it has to be
operational, it has to be used

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with those big old gloves, and
it, it has to be functional and

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safe to use in space with no
sharp edges to puncture those

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gloves or your suit. >> JOHN:
And each time we went up to the

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telescope as Russ said, we would
bring new scientific

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instruments, new electronics,
and that net effect is that we

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reinvented the telescope and
made a new observatory each time

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we went to space. Allowed Hubble
to help us unravel the mysteries

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of the universe. Thanks Russ! 
>>RUSS: Okay, thanks John! 

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[UPBEAT MUSIC]

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[SILENCE]

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JOHN: There’s a tear in the
glove Christy. >> OFF: There’s

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probably a few. >> RUSS: There
are a few! >> OFF: Terminate

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EVA. You maintaining pressure
John? Terminate EVA. 

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[UPBEAT MUSIC]

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>> RUSS: Can you operate
this with those gloves?

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[LAUGHTER]