WEBVTT FILE

00:00:06.000.00:00:07.701
-Or tell me what
you're putting in.

00:00:07.701.00:00:11.267
-I'm just --
I've got it removed.

00:00:11.267.00:00:12.434
-Okay.

00:00:17.701.00:00:19.067
Okeydokey.

00:00:19.067.00:00:21.234
And go up, Mark, and start
thinking about the position

00:00:21.234.00:00:24.167
to stick this puppy in.

00:00:27.667.00:00:30.067
Bad thing about this is, Ron,

00:00:30.067.00:00:31.834
you can cheat
and look through it.

00:00:31.834.00:00:34.501
-Yeah, I understand.

00:00:34.501.00:00:36.234
But you wouldn't do that, Tom.

00:00:36.234.00:00:38.133
-Well, you can't keep from it.

00:00:38.133.00:00:39.701
-I know.

00:00:41.234.00:00:44.501
-Look at the big picture
here, okay?

00:00:44.501.00:00:45.601
-Looks fairly level to me.

00:00:45.601.00:00:47.267
-Looks good.
-Yeah.

00:00:47.267.00:00:48.734
-Looks good.
-Okay.

00:00:48.734.00:00:52.234
Let's drop me down now, Mark,
a little bit, gently.

00:00:52.234.00:00:55.501
-Don't take me any forward,
so I can keep pressure in here.

00:00:55.501.00:00:57.200
Just drop me straight down.
-Okay.

00:00:57.200.00:00:59.734
Now, I can apply pressure
back here now.

00:00:59.734.00:01:02.334
I've got it on the handrail.
-Okay.

00:01:02.334.00:01:05.501
Let's go down, Mark.

00:01:05.501.00:01:07.801
Let's just wait until I get
into position now, Jeff.

00:01:07.801.00:01:09.667
-Okay.
Okay.

00:01:09.667.00:01:10.934
I've got it.

00:01:10.934.00:01:12.267
-I want to get over
on this left side now.

00:01:12.267.00:01:13.934
-I've got it a good hand on it.

00:01:13.934.00:01:15.501
You can even let go
if you have to.

00:01:15.501.00:01:16.567
-Want to watch this guide rail.

00:01:16.567.00:01:18.334
-Go ahead and drop me
down, Mark.

00:01:18.334.00:01:20.067
-Can you see
the guide rail up there?

00:01:20.067.00:01:21.400
-Yep.
That's what I'm getting down to.

00:01:21.400.00:01:23.634
Yes, I can.
-Okay.

00:01:23.634.00:01:26.167
-Coming down, Mark.

00:01:26.167.00:01:29.334
Coming down, Mark.

00:01:29.334.00:01:32.300
Okay, I'm happy.

00:01:32.300.00:01:35.334
Just easin' in.
-Okay.

00:01:35.334.00:01:37.734
We're back at the end
of the forward guide rail.

00:01:37.734.00:01:39.200
We've got to lift it up
a little bit

00:01:39.200.00:01:40.834
to get on to the aft guide rail.

00:01:40.834.00:01:42.901
-Okay.
Come on down then, Mark.

00:01:42.901.00:01:45.601
-Now, I can move inside
and help with this if...

00:01:49.100.00:01:53.000
-Okeydokey.

00:01:53.000.00:01:54.000
Okey-wokey.

00:01:54.000.00:01:55.000
-Here I come.
-Okay.

00:01:55.000.00:01:56.200
-Are you clear?
-Yeah.

00:01:56.200.00:01:57.501
I'm going to help you here.
Okay?

00:01:57.501.00:02:00.501
I got it.

00:02:00.501.00:02:02.133
Okay, Mark.
Keep bringing me out.

00:02:02.133.00:02:06.434
Now keep some pressure
on the doors for Jeff, here.

00:02:06.434.00:02:09.033
-Possibility that it's
cocked slightly.

00:02:09.033.00:02:10.067
-Okay.
It's coming now.

00:02:10.067.00:02:11.734
-Okay, Story.
-Yes?

00:02:11.734.00:02:14.968
-Remember, and, Kathy,
when you get about 5 foot out,

00:02:14.968.00:02:17.434
we want to stop
and take a picture, okay?

00:02:17.434.00:02:18.701
-Okay.

00:02:18.701.00:02:19.734
-KT, you want to put
a tether on it?

00:02:19.734.00:02:20.734
I got it.
-I have a tether.

00:02:20.734.00:02:22.367
-Okay.
Okay.

00:02:22.367.00:02:23.434
-Okay.
Am I clear?

00:02:23.434.00:02:25.133
Am I at the right level?

00:02:25.133.00:02:26.534
-Yes.
Yes, you got it.

00:02:26.534.00:02:28.133
-Okay.
-She's coming straight down.

00:02:28.133.00:02:31.300
Have at it.
Okay.

00:02:31.300.00:02:32.467
It's clear.
-Okay.

00:02:32.467.00:02:33.501
Want to do a picture time here?
-No.

00:02:33.501.00:02:34.667
I think he wants you out
a little further.

00:02:34.667.00:02:35.667
-Okay.

00:02:35.667.00:02:39.767
-It'd be five 1/4-turn
T-handles.

00:02:39.767.00:02:42.033
-Yes.
-Maybe to Kathy.

00:02:42.033.00:02:44.567
-What?
-You want to translate the HSP

00:02:44.567.00:02:46.434
to the aft-fixture
at the ORU carrier

00:02:46.434.00:02:48.334
and temporary stow the HST

00:02:48.334.00:02:51.934
by engaging the one pit pin
on the top fork.

00:02:51.934.00:02:53.667
Now, this does not slide
in sideways.

00:02:53.667.00:02:55.567
This slides in from the top.

00:02:55.567.00:02:57.367
-Slides in from the top?
-Yeah.

00:02:57.367.00:02:58.367
-Yes, ma'am.

00:02:58.367.00:02:59.734
-That may be real...
-Okay.

00:02:59.734.00:03:01.000
Let's see.
That's the bottom over there.

00:03:01.000.00:03:02.033
-Hanging on the hammer...
-You got it in right.

00:03:02.033.00:03:03.234
If you were to
take it down now...

00:03:03.234.00:03:04.601
You're okay, Kathy.
-Oh, okay.

00:03:04.601.00:03:05.934
-That's the way you want it
to go in.

00:03:05.934.00:03:07.567
I'm talking about down
on the aft-fixture.

00:03:07.567.00:03:09.534
It's sliding.
-Oh, yeah. I see the one hook.

00:03:09.534.00:03:11.234
Yeah.
Got it.

00:03:11.234.00:03:13.734
Okay.

00:03:13.734.00:03:17.667
And if you could roll me
90 to my left.

00:03:17.667.00:03:18.901
Mark, and then go down.

00:03:18.901.00:03:20.701
I'll come in on my side.

00:03:23.868.00:03:26.000
Well, that is if the RMS
is going to clear

00:03:26.000.00:03:27.701
that forward fixture.

00:03:27.701.00:03:28.868
I won't be able
to tell you that.

00:03:28.868.00:03:32.400
Okay, you can go aft
about a foot.

00:03:35.734.00:03:38.334
-Well, I guess I'll run my...
-Okay and outboard.

00:03:38.334.00:03:41.234
I need to go outboard port.

00:03:44.234.00:03:46.467
-And do you need me
to scoot over there, KT?

00:03:46.467.00:03:50.200
-Stop port, aft, a couple feet.

00:03:56.868.00:03:58.067
-Hey, Story.
-Yes?

00:03:58.067.00:03:59.234
-You can help.
You're going to...

00:04:19.200.00:04:21.634
-Come a little bit more.

00:04:21.634.00:04:31.634
[Indistinct conversations]

00:04:41.467.00:04:45.100
-Okay.
-I can't get the...

00:04:45.100.00:04:46.534
I don't know.

00:04:46.534.00:04:48.834
I can't push myself
back very far.

00:04:48.834.00:04:53.000
-It looks like it may be
a little below your head...

00:05:02.234.00:05:03.734
How's that?

00:06:08.567.00:06:11.300
-The other glove is better,
actually.

00:06:26.634.00:06:29.167
-You reach down there
and get those top two...

00:06:29.167.00:06:31.400
-Oh, if you are in too high,
it doesn't really matter

00:06:31.400.00:06:33.400
because this is where we would
take you from there on.

00:06:33.400.00:06:34.734
You would start the GCA.

00:06:34.734.00:06:37.601
If it is, you think,
far too high to start the GC...

00:06:44.367.00:06:46.133
-Yeah.
Let me do that now.

00:06:46.133.00:06:49.834
The stanchion needs to be
over -- around to the right.

00:06:57.667.00:07:01.834
-Feel that?

00:07:01.834.00:07:03.701
-It doesn't want to...

00:07:03.701.00:07:07.067
the stanchion...
There we go.

00:07:12.868.00:07:14.901
Can we open the radial site?

00:07:17.634.00:07:19.067
-No.
-Okay.

00:07:19.067.00:07:21.067
Well, that's okay.

00:07:21.067.00:07:23.868
We're positioned
basically over it.

00:07:23.868.00:07:25.200
-We're go for a test.
-You can test...

00:07:37.100.00:07:40.167
-Ease me in, Claude.

00:07:46.968.00:07:48.300
-You're going to have to...
They're just riding up

00:07:48.300.00:07:49.801
on the rail,
and they need to lift up

00:07:49.801.00:07:52.334
just a little bit to get it up
on this rail down here.

00:07:52.334.00:07:54.934
-Now, KT, can you transition
to the L-handle?

00:07:54.934.00:07:57.133
-Yeah, you ought to be able
to help down there now, KT.

00:07:57.133.00:08:00.934
-Yeah, except I can't push much,

00:08:00.934.00:08:01.934
I'll make it in here
where I can.

00:08:01.934.00:08:03.667
-Okay. Okay.
Hold on a second.

00:08:03.667.00:08:05.234
Bring your end out a little, KT.

00:08:05.234.00:08:06.501
We're pitching in at the bottom.

00:08:06.501.00:08:08.067
You're way ahead
of me down there.

00:08:08.067.00:08:10.567
Okay. Bring me down,
Claude, a foot.

00:08:10.567.00:08:11.901
Down, Claude.
Thank you.

00:08:11.901.00:08:14.234
-All right.
Wait a second here, Tom.

00:08:14.234.00:08:15.667
-That's good.
Stop.

00:08:15.667.00:08:17.501
-On something here
where I can help.

00:08:24.434.00:08:26.834
-Okay.
-Yeah.

00:08:26.834.00:08:28.567
Let's stop right there.

00:08:28.567.00:08:31.834
KT, got to bring
your end out, KT.

00:08:31.834.00:08:33.567
-Going out?
Okay.

00:08:38.567.00:08:39.567
-All right.
-Can't budge it.

00:08:39.567.00:08:41.334
-Okay. Now drop me down, Claude,

00:08:41.334.00:08:43.501
where I can get more
on the seat.

00:08:43.501.00:08:44.701
You can't push any?

00:08:44.701.00:08:47.167
-I can't push or pull here.
-Okay.

00:08:47.167.00:08:49.334
Hang on a second.

00:08:49.334.00:08:52.968
Okay.
Bring me up, Claude.

00:08:52.968.00:08:54.634
Stop.

00:08:54.634.00:08:55.701
Bring me up, Claude.

00:08:55.701.00:08:58.701
Stop.

00:08:58.701.00:09:00.667
Oh, we had a strap hanging down.

00:09:00.667.00:09:02.434
This might be real-world.

00:09:02.434.00:09:04.434
-What's it hanging from?
-Who knows.

00:09:04.434.00:09:06.167
Bring me up a little more,
vis in the way.

00:09:06.167.00:09:07.934
Okay.
Bring me up, Claude.

00:09:11.634.00:09:13.434
Stop.

00:09:14.968.00:09:16.901
Now they say we're okay.

00:09:16.901.00:09:21.200
Now, KT, can you look at it
see yaw-wise if we're okay?

00:09:28.501.00:09:32.033
-Presently, the technicians,
the Sifa crew,

00:09:32.033.00:09:34.067
are attempting to align

00:09:34.067.00:09:38.834
the COSTAR
into the extender rails

00:09:38.834.00:09:42.234
and adjusting for pitch,
roll, and yaw,

00:09:42.234.00:09:46.501
make sure that the COSTAR is
correctly aligned with the rails

00:09:46.501.00:09:49.334
prior to inserting into
the hi-fi mechanical simulator.

00:09:49.334.00:09:54.100
Well, they'll have to make sure
that the rails capture

00:09:54.100.00:09:57.234
the COSTAR
guide blocks and rails

00:09:57.234.00:10:01.100
so that when the COSTAR
is correctly aligned,

00:10:01.100.00:10:07.100
it will insert all the way
into the OTA in space.

00:16:17.133.00:16:21.167
-Refresh my memory,
a number 10 Allen wrench...

00:16:21.300.00:16:23.434
-Yeah.

00:16:24.834.00:16:26.234
-They put a stop in there.

00:16:26.234.00:16:27.567
Do you remember why?

00:28:33.534.00:28:39.200
-3, 2, 1, and liftoff
of the Space Shuttle Discovery

00:28:39.200.00:28:43.234
with the Hubble Space Telescope,
our window on the universe.

00:28:43.234.00:28:46.234
-In 1990, ESA and NASA

00:28:46.234.00:28:49.868
launched the most powerful
astronomical tool ever built --

00:28:49.868.00:28:52.434
the Hubble Space Telescope.

00:28:52.434.00:28:55.467
Since then, astronomers have
been making observations

00:28:55.467.00:28:58.367
which are at the forefront
of space science.

00:28:58.367.00:29:00.634
In December 1993,

00:29:00.634.00:29:03.033
Space Shuttle Endeavour
will link up with Hubble

00:29:03.033.00:29:07.567
in orbit to carry out a space
mission never before attempted.

00:29:07.567.00:29:10.400
Astronauts
will make several spacewalks

00:29:10.400.00:29:13.267
during which they will service
the key components.

00:29:13.267.00:29:17.067
One of their first tasks will be
to replace the solar arrays --

00:29:17.067.00:29:21.467
the power behind
the Hubble Space Telescope.

00:29:21.467.00:29:27.667
!!musiC@!!!musiC@!

00:29:27.667.00:29:33.834
!!musiC@!!!musiC@!

00:29:33.834.00:29:37.167
Hubble has some 50,000
individual solar cells

00:29:37.167.00:29:41.167
mounted on its two
12-meter-long solar arrays.

00:29:41.167.00:29:44.033
Each cell receives energy
from the Sun's rays

00:29:44.033.00:29:48.234
and converts them
into electricity.

00:29:48.234.00:29:50.334
Since the launch in 1990,

00:29:50.334.00:29:52.234
the arrays
have successfully produced

00:29:52.234.00:29:56.968
a reliable 4.525 kilowatts
of output.

00:29:56.968.00:29:59.667
This electricity is used
to power the telescope's

00:29:59.667.00:30:03.567
scientific instruments
and communication systems.

00:30:03.567.00:30:07.534
The cells are glued to a blanket
which expands and contracts

00:30:07.534.00:30:10.968
as the spacecraft orbits
in and out of the Sun.

00:30:15.100.00:30:19.000
Radiation and other processes
such as atomic oxygen erosion,

00:30:19.000.00:30:22.234
however,
gradually degrade spacecraft

00:30:22.234.00:30:26.334
and in particular,
the sensitive solar cells.

00:30:26.334.00:30:28.267
After 4 years in space,

00:30:28.267.00:30:30.667
the arrays are coming to the end
of their useful life span,

00:30:30.667.00:30:33.901
and like a further
49-key components of Hubble.

00:30:33.901.00:30:36.701
they were designed
and are ready to be serviced

00:30:36.701.00:30:39.033
and upgraded when necessary.

00:30:46.067.00:30:48.701
The scheduled servicing mission
has given ESA

00:30:48.701.00:30:51.901
the opportunity to redesign
the solar arrays

00:30:51.901.00:30:55.167
in order to cure
a curious problem.

00:30:55.167.00:30:57.100
Extremely rapid
temperature changes

00:30:57.100.00:30:58.701
during sunrise and sunset

00:30:58.701.00:31:01.667
together with some friction
effects are causing

00:31:01.667.00:31:05.501
uneven movement of the system
of pulleys and springs.

00:31:05.501.00:31:07.367
These compensate
for the expansion

00:31:07.367.00:31:10.133
and contraction
of the blanket.

00:31:10.133.00:31:12.801
Additional movement is being
detected at the drum

00:31:12.801.00:31:14.767
where the blanket is anchored.

00:31:14.767.00:31:16.534
At the same time,
the temperature changes

00:31:16.534.00:31:19.534
cause the side-supporting
booms to bend.

00:31:23.300.00:31:26.567
This stick-slip movement causes
a slight jitter

00:31:26.567.00:31:28.634
at the observing end
of the telescope --

00:31:28.634.00:31:31.133
the point and control system.

00:31:31.133.00:31:33.968
When Hubble observes
a distant celestial object,

00:31:33.968.00:31:35.934
it does so with minute accuracy.

00:31:35.934.00:31:40.100
The jitter, although very small,
has an obvious effect.

00:31:40.100.00:31:42.534
Imagine looking through
a pair of binoculars

00:31:42.534.00:31:45.200
whilst traveling
along a bumpy road.

00:31:45.200.00:31:47.567
Up to now, engineers have
minimized the effect

00:31:47.567.00:31:50.868
of the jitter by using
special computer software,

00:31:50.868.00:31:53.367
but this takes up
valuable memory capacity

00:31:53.367.00:31:57.200
within HST's onboard computers.

00:31:57.200.00:32:00.834
To make this capacity available
for scientific purposes

00:32:00.834.00:32:03.501
and to correct
the stick-slip movement,

00:32:03.501.00:32:07.534
a deceptively simple and elegant
design solution has been found.

00:32:11.501.00:32:14.200
The mechanisms linking
the supporting booms

00:32:14.200.00:32:15.701
to the array blankets

00:32:15.701.00:32:20.501
have been replaced
with simpler structures.

00:32:20.501.00:32:23.000
The blanket is wrapped
around the end boom,

00:32:23.000.00:32:25.100
and when the Sun rises and sets,

00:32:25.100.00:32:29.934
a system of springs allows the
blanket to expand and contract.

00:32:29.934.00:32:32.334
At the drum,
a simple brake mechanism

00:32:32.334.00:32:34.334
is used to keep it still.

00:32:37.701.00:32:39.701
The side-support booms
are covered

00:32:39.701.00:32:42.367
by a special concertina-like
thermal shield,

00:32:42.367.00:32:45.033
which almost eliminates
bending by greatly

00:32:45.033.00:32:49.334
reducing the day-night
temperature differential.

00:32:49.334.00:32:53.567
Apart from these modifications,
British Aerospace Space Systems,

00:32:53.567.00:32:56.367
ESA's European
solar array contractor,

00:32:56.367.00:32:59.400
has used the same
basic flight-proven design

00:32:59.400.00:33:03.067
for the replacement
solar arrays.

00:33:03.067.00:33:06.734
At British Aerospace, the solar
arrays are being checked out

00:33:06.734.00:33:09.534
during the deployment
on a water test bed

00:33:09.534.00:33:12.534
to minimize
the effects of gravity.

00:33:12.534.00:33:15.834
This is the final test
before their launch in December

00:33:15.834.00:33:18.801
and also a chance for five
of the seven Shuttle Endeavour

00:33:18.801.00:33:21.767
astronauts to get to know
the mechanics involved

00:33:21.767.00:33:24.467
in deploying the arrays.

00:33:24.467.00:33:26.934
-My role during this exchange
of the solar arrays

00:33:26.934.00:33:31.234
will be to support
the extravehicular activity

00:33:31.234.00:33:35.200
of my American colleagues
by moving crew members

00:33:35.200.00:33:37.901
at the tip of the arm
to the proper location

00:33:37.901.00:33:40.267
to do their job
to pick up the solar arrays,

00:33:40.267.00:33:43.467
and the solar array carrier
in the cargo bay

00:33:43.467.00:33:45.601
and bring them
to the place of work

00:33:45.601.00:33:48.901
to fix the solar arrays
on the Hubble Space Telescope,

00:33:48.901.00:33:51.701
and, of course, before doing
that, we'll have to remove

00:33:51.701.00:33:56.200
the old solar arrays
and put them in the cargo bay.

00:33:56.200.00:33:58.834
-The new design and replacement
of the solar arrays

00:33:58.834.00:34:01.367
is a key element
in the first service mission

00:34:01.367.00:34:04.567
of the ESA/NASA Space Telescope.

00:34:04.567.00:34:07.567
This and future planned missions
will continue

00:34:07.567.00:34:09.334
to enhance
the high sensitivity

00:34:09.334.00:34:14.701
needed to observe
distant stars and galaxies.

00:34:14.701.00:34:21.734
!!musiC@!!!musiC@!

00:34:21.734.00:34:28.801
!!musiC@!!!musiC@!

00:34:49.067.00:34:50.767
-The Hubble Space Telescope --

00:34:50.767.00:34:54.667
the largest, most sophisticated
space astronomical observatory

00:34:54.667.00:34:56.434
ever launched by NASA.

00:34:56.434.00:34:59.334
Its data has already rewritten
much of what we thought

00:34:59.334.00:35:00.968
we knew about our universe.

00:35:00.968.00:35:02.767
Launched in April of 1990,

00:35:02.767.00:35:04.868
it carries five
scientific instruments

00:35:04.868.00:35:07.400
to look at the universe
in both visible light

00:35:07.400.00:35:08.934
and the ultraviolet
wavelengths.

00:35:08.934.00:35:10.367
One of those instruments,

00:35:10.367.00:35:12.667
the Goddard High
Resolution Spectrograph,

00:35:12.667.00:35:14.400
or GHRS for short,

00:35:14.400.00:35:16.834
was built by
Ball Corporations Aerospace

00:35:16.834.00:35:19.834
and Communications Group
in Boulder, Colorado.

00:35:19.834.00:35:21.734
During orbital checkout,
however,

00:35:21.734.00:35:25.000
a flaw was discovered in
the telescope's primary mirror

00:35:25.000.00:35:28.601
that blurred the images enough
to reduce the image quality

00:35:28.601.00:35:31.634
to some instruments and
require computer enhancements.

00:35:31.634.00:35:34.834
It was determined that the giant
94-inch circular mirror

00:35:34.834.00:35:39.167
had an edge that was 1/10,000th
of an inch too low.

00:35:39.167.00:35:42.167
The telescope had been designed
for on-orbit maintenance

00:35:42.167.00:35:44.567
and repair
over its 15-year life,

00:35:44.567.00:35:47.067
including replacement
of instruments,

00:35:47.067.00:35:49.000
but the giant mirror
was another story.

00:35:49.000.00:35:50.534
Then a group of scientists,

00:35:50.534.00:35:52.934
including optical experts
at Ball,

00:35:52.934.00:35:54.801
developed a design
for an instrument

00:35:54.801.00:35:56.534
that might correct the flaw.

00:35:56.534.00:35:58.934
When NASA decided
to build this instrument,

00:35:58.934.00:36:01.234
Ball was chosen
as the prime contractor.

00:36:01.234.00:36:04.667
Ball's aerospace group produced
the instrument called COSTAR

00:36:04.667.00:36:08.701
in just 26 months, about half
the time considered routine

00:36:08.701.00:36:11.667
for a space instrument
of its size and complexity.

00:36:11.667.00:36:13.000
COSTAR is short for

00:36:13.000.00:36:17.067
Corrective Optics Space
Telescope Axial Replacement.

00:36:17.067.00:36:19.634
If all goes as planned,
space shuttle astronauts

00:36:19.634.00:36:21.067
will capture the telescope

00:36:21.067.00:36:23.534
and perform a variety
of tasks on orbit.

00:36:23.534.00:36:26.067
One of those will be
installing COSTAR.

00:36:26.067.00:36:27.601
Once inserted into place,

00:36:27.601.00:36:31.534
COSTAR will extend five pairs
of mirrors into the light path

00:36:31.534.00:36:34.901
between the flawed mirror
and three other instruments.

00:36:34.901.00:36:36.934
In each pair, the first
mirror images

00:36:36.934.00:36:39.534
the distorted light
onto the second mirror.

00:36:39.534.00:36:41.334
The second mirror is designed
to correct the flaw

00:36:41.334.00:36:43.834
in the telescope's
primary mirror.

00:36:43.834.00:36:46.567
But by far, the most
demanding part of this mission

00:36:46.567.00:36:48.767
will fall on
the crew of Endeavour.

00:36:48.767.00:36:52.434
Astronauts also will have
to install new solar panels,

00:36:52.434.00:36:55.067
a new wide-field
planetary camera,

00:36:55.067.00:36:58.067
and install an electronics
repair kit on the GHRS.

00:36:58.067.00:37:00.434
That's why in March of 1993,

00:37:00.434.00:37:02.834
the crew came
to Ball's Boulder, Colorado,

00:37:02.834.00:37:06.100
operations for some visual
and hands-on training

00:37:06.100.00:37:08.667
with COSTAR and GHRS.

00:37:08.667.00:37:11.801
The astronauts inspected COSTAR
and discussed how to handle

00:37:11.801.00:37:15.634
and install it, as well as
testing the tools they will use.

00:37:15.634.00:37:17.033
They also gained experience

00:37:17.033.00:37:20.133
with the electronics kit
for the GHRS.

00:37:20.133.00:37:22.501
The upcoming space-telescope-
servicing mission

00:37:22.501.00:37:24.334
will no doubt
be one of the most exciting

00:37:24.334.00:37:27.334
and challenging ever attempted,
and Boulder, Colorado,

00:37:27.334.00:37:29.934
people will be playing
a major role.

00:39:09.601.00:39:12.067
-Go ahead, Houston.

00:39:12.067.00:39:15.267
-You can maneuver right to the
release attitude right now.

00:39:15.267.00:39:17.334
That's in the CAP page 3-20.

00:39:17.334.00:39:18.334
-After launching it
into space...

00:39:18.334.00:39:19.701
-Okay, Charlie.

00:39:19.701.00:39:23.300
-...NASA and the nation realized
the Hubble Space Telescope

00:39:23.300.00:39:26.133
had a perfectly smooth,
yet flawed mirror.

00:39:26.133.00:39:27.133
-Max?
Go.

00:39:27.133.00:39:28.434
-The NASA team's challenge --

00:39:28.434.00:39:31.701
find the prescription
and restore precision optics

00:39:31.701.00:39:33.701
on a spacecraft already flying.

00:39:33.701.00:39:36.200
-Advance at your
convenience, team.

00:39:36.200.00:39:40.501
-To fly what you test and test
what you fly would be easier

00:39:40.501.00:39:42.968
if the telescope
were back on Earth,

00:39:42.968.00:39:47.167
but landing and relaunching
could contaminate the telescope

00:39:47.167.00:39:50.234
or damage it through vibration.

00:39:52.267.00:39:54.567
NASA couldn't test the new
corrective optics

00:39:54.567.00:39:56.434
in the actual telescope,

00:39:56.434.00:39:58.868
so to make sure
the optics will work,

00:39:58.868.00:40:02.601
the team had to determine
the condition of Hubble in space

00:40:02.601.00:40:06.000
and replicate
that on the ground.

00:40:06.000.00:40:08.868
One independent review panel
used Hubble images

00:40:08.868.00:40:12.701
to determine the precise shape
of the flawed primary mirror

00:40:12.701.00:40:16.234
and the prescription to fix it.

00:40:16.234.00:40:20.601
Another team had to verify that
the corrective optics will work.

00:40:20.601.00:40:23.734
Teams had to test
two optical packages --

00:40:23.734.00:40:26.868
the replacement wide-field
planetary camera

00:40:26.868.00:40:29.767
and the corrective optics
for the other instruments

00:40:29.767.00:40:31.501
called COSTAR.

00:40:31.501.00:40:35.000
Engineers built several
independent analyzers to test

00:40:35.000.00:40:36.501
that they had replicated

00:40:36.501.00:40:40.133
what the Hubble Telescope
does to light.

00:40:40.133.00:40:42.901
An independent team here
at Ball Aerospace

00:40:42.901.00:40:45.067
measured both sets of optics

00:40:45.067.00:40:49.067
then remeasured
the measuring tools.

00:40:49.067.00:40:52.334
For mechanical testing,
engineers built a simulator

00:40:52.334.00:40:54.200
at Goddard Space Flight Center

00:40:54.200.00:40:56.400
using the same
precision equipment

00:40:56.400.00:40:58.567
that built Hubble originally.

00:40:58.567.00:41:01.734
The corrective optics and
the new camera attachments

00:41:01.734.00:41:04.534
were installed so that
their locations duplicate

00:41:04.534.00:41:08.234
the telescope attachments
within 1/6,000th of an inch,

00:41:08.234.00:41:10.801
the thickness
of a piece of paper.

00:41:10.801.00:41:13.400
The clearances are even tighter
in the simulator

00:41:13.400.00:41:15.467
than they will be
on the real telescope

00:41:15.467.00:41:17.501
to assure a margin of safety.

00:41:21.868.00:41:24.467
To replicate Hubble during
electrical tests

00:41:24.467.00:41:27.467
of the corrective optics package
and the new camera,

00:41:27.467.00:41:29.300
an electrical test facility

00:41:29.300.00:41:31.334
was built with
the same schematics

00:41:31.334.00:41:33.334
as the original telescope,

00:41:33.334.00:41:37.601
and it, too, was audited
by an independent team.

00:41:37.601.00:41:41.667
All three -- optical,
mechanical, and electrical

00:41:41.667.00:41:45.634
were merged together
in a test of the whole system.

00:41:45.634.00:41:47.133
Data from the tests were sent

00:41:47.133.00:41:49.701
to the Space
Telescope Science Institute,

00:41:49.701.00:41:51.701
just the way data will be sent
from the telescope.

00:41:51.701.00:41:54.968
-Yeah, Dan, can you verify the
state of the FOS?

00:41:54.968.00:41:58.200
-Hardware has been thoroughly
tested on the ground.

00:41:58.200.00:42:02.067
The Hubble servicing team
is preparing for contingencies,

00:42:02.067.00:42:04.000
but this mission is a first,

00:42:04.000.00:42:08.200
so no one can predict
everything that could happen.

00:42:08.200.00:42:11.300
The real test will be in space.