WEBVTT FILE

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-Okay, welcome back.

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We're reconfigured now,

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and we've got
the seven-member crew

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for the STS-61 flight
joining us now.

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I will introduce the commander,

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and then he in turn
will take care

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of the rest of the crew for us,
so with that,

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I'll turn it over to commander
of the flight, Richard Covey.

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-Thank you, Kyle.

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Well, it's really great
for us to be here today.

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This is another milestone
in preparing for flight,

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and milestones have been
flying by for us recently.

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Like to quickly introduce
the rest of the crew

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and tell you what
their positions are on the crew.

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On my right is Ken Bowersox.

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He's our pilot.

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He backs me up
on all the flying duties

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and also is an RMS operator,

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backs Claude Nicollier up
on that.

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On his right is
Claude Nicollier.

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Claude is a European
Space Agency astronaut,

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and Claude is our primary
RMS operator.

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Additionally,
he's flight engineer

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and has done all of the ascent
and entry training

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and rendezvous training
with Sox and myself.

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On his right is Story Musgrave.

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Story is the payload commander
for this mission.

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He's been assigned to the crew
the longest,

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well over a year and a half now,
and Story as a payload commander

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is also one of our
EVA crew members.

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When he's not EVA, he will be
an Intravehicular Activity

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or IVA crew member

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and will be directing
the activities

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of the other EVA crew members.

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On his right is Tom Akers,

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and Tom in addition to being
an EVA crew member, is also,

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will be playing the same rule
as an IV crew member,

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an Intravehicular Activity
crew member

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when Story is outside
on his space walks,

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and to Tom's right
is Jeff Hoffman.

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Jeff is another EVA crew member.

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Of course, we have four of them,
and in his role,

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he also will be one
of our primary payload operator

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and will operate the interfaces

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that the crew has
with the payloads

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and the payload support systems,

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and on his right
is Kathy Thornton.

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Kathy is at the end,
but she's another important

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member of our EVA crew
and also, when Jeff is outside,

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will be performing
the payload interface functions

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on board the orbiter.

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We indeed are a privileged crew

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to be able to fly
on this mission.

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There are plenty of astronauts
in our office that can go

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and do the jobs that we've been
asked to do, and we know that.

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We therefore feel very lucky

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to have been asked
to do this mission.

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At the same time, we also think
that we're very good

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and that we will be able
to perform exceptionally well

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in the course of the events
that are planned.

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We have had some of the most
intensive and extensive training

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that I have ever experienced in
preparation for a space flight.

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That started with crew members
being named early.

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It continued with the use
of resources and facilities

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that had not been used before
in the development of the plan

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and in the training
of crew members,

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and it's continued
in the number of hours

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that we have used
certain resources,

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particularly neutral buoyancy,

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far many more hours
for this flight

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than have ever been used before
for a space mission,

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space shuttle flight,

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and an extensive number of hours
in payload-related activities,

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working with the Hubble
payload itself,

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and not in a neutral
buoyancy environment

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but in a clean room
environment, fitting tools

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and preparing for the activities
that the EVA crew members

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will have
to achieve in the EVAs.

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We have been fortunate in that
we have received incredible

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support in our preparation
for the mission.

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We haven't had to ask
for priority in anything.

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It's just been given to us
because of the importance

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that people have put on
the accomplishment of the Hubble

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servicing and repair.

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With that, I'm going to turn
the mike over to Sox

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to talk a little bit about the
first activities of the mission.

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I know y'all have been briefed
on the overall mission overview

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just recently,
in fact, just 11 days,

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and the first thing
we have to do

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after we get into orbit
and get things squared away

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is to proceed
onto the Hubble Space Telescope.

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Sox?

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-Well, the rendezvous
with the telescope

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actually starts
right at liftoff.

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The orbiter's computers
will be using the main engines

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to guide us into a precise orbit
so that 2 days later,

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we'll be able to catch up
with the telescope.

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We have a large series of burns,
OMS and RCS

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burns that we'll be doing

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so that our orbits
match up precisely.

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As the rendezvous goes on,

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those burns get closer
and closer together.

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During the burns, Covey will be
monitoring the orbiter systems

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along with Claude and I.

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We'll be working with the ground
to make sure the orbiter

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is going just
to the right place in the sky.

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As the pace of those burns
increase,

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I think our excitement level
is going to be increasing, too.

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The closer we get to the
telescope,

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it's going to be getting bigger
and bigger out the window.

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About 30 minutes
prior to rendezvous,

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Covey will move
to the aft station,

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where he'll take over manually
firing the orbiter's RCS jets

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with what we call the THC,

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the translational
hand controller.

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The primary information he'll be
using for that

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is radar information,

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which gives us closing rate
and position,

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and he'll also be using his
eyeballs, basic piloting skills

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to move us in slowly
and gently to the telescope.

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Claude will be in the back
also operating cameras,

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giving extra information,

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getting the arm ready
for the grapple.

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I'll be up in front
watching the systems,

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making sure the orbiter
is working like a clock.

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We expect it will do that,

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and there will also be
some other excitement

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up on the flight deck.

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Story, Jeff, and Tom will all
have cameras trying to document,

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kind of like what's going on
in this room right now.

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Imagine we'll have flashes
going off everywhere

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and a lot of cameras
in the windows.

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KT will be using the laser,
pointing it at the target,

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trying to get one extra source
of range and range rate marks.

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With all that going on, I hope
I'll get a chance to move back

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and push people away
for a few seconds

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and take a look at the telescope
as we're getting in close.

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Of course, the rendezvous
will culminate with Claude

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taking over with the arm
reaching out

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and grabbing the telescope.

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I'll let him tell you
a little bit about that now

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and the other RMS operations
we have on the flight.

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-Okay, thank you, Sox.

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I must say in general
that this mission

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is a dream mission for an RMS

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or Remote Manipulator
System operator

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because there will be more
RMS operation on this flight

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than there has ever been
in any shuttle mission so far

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and also more than there
will be in the near future,

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except maybe when we've
assembled the Space Station,

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where there will be quite
a lot of RMS operation also.

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Now, the Remote Manipulator
System

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will not only be used
to capture the telescope,

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to grapple it and install it
in the back of the cargo bay

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on the flight support structure

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and to release it
on the 9th day of the mission,

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but also in support of all of
the extravehicular activities.

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All the five EVAs that will be
talked about a little later

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by the EVA crew members
will be supported by the arm,

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in that one of the two EVA crew
members will be free-floating.

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The other one will be on
a manipulative foot restraint

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at the tip of the arm,

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and the RMS operator,
Sox or myself,

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will have to maneuver
this crew member

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from one place to the other,

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in the cargo bay
or toward the telescope,

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in order to do
the maintenance job.

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Now, there is a big advantage
in using the arm

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in support of EVA operation.

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On one hand, the distances
are relatively large

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between sun rotation,

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the cargo bay,
from the protective enclosures

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where the instrument
that have to be replaced

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are located
and the telescope itself.

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On the other hand,

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it facilitates also
the handling of large masses,

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and especially the extraction
and insertion of large masses

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and bulky masses,
like the High Speed Photometer

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or the Corrective Optics Space
Telescope Axial Replacement,

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the Corrective Optics element

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that will take the place
of the High Speed Photometer,

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so the arm will be used
extensively in order

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to facilitate this operation.

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If we have any failure
with the arm, it is anticipated

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that although we will try to do
all this operation,

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it would take quite
a bit more time.

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Now, as I said, on the 9th day
of the mission,

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we will do the release
of the telescope.

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The telescope will be
grappled again

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while it is in that structure
on the back of the cargo bay.

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The latches will be released.

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The telescope will be put in a
position with respect

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to the orbiter, which is
the same as the position it had

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when we grappled it
on day 3 of the mission,

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and the release
will be performed then,

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and now I hand over
to the EVA crew members

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to talk about the EVA.

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-Well, it is in fact
very dear to us.

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It's like a cherry picker,
and we ride around it,

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and the size of the arm
is somewhat like this,

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and here is the crew person
going around,

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but as he said, in general,

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we have someone that's riding
on the RMS, and some,

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another crew person that's going
around doing the free floating.

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At present, we're scheduled
for five space walks space walks

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to get the total job done.

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We another one, a sixth,

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which we can dedicate
to nominal repair of Hubble.

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We have a seventh one that
we can dedicate to Hubble

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for any contingency things,

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for deploying
of appendages in that,

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and we have an eighth EVA
in case the orbiter itself

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has any kind of problems.

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We're paired up.
Jeff and myself will start.

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We're called "The Odd Couple."

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I'm not wild about the term,

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but I guess it's true
for many reasons.

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We go out on odd days:
1. 3. 5. and 7. and KT and Tom.

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they're "The Even Couple,"
and they really are,

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and they worked together,
of course, on STS-49,

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the Intelsat mission,

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so we're very, very current
on our experience.

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We all are experienced EVA crew
people, but that's the pairing.

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Jeff and I go out
and KT and Tom.

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We have that number of days.

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HST was originally conceived
to be friendly to EVA work.

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It was designed
from the bottom up

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for being able to be
worked on by EVA crew people.

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We are doing some tasks, as KT
and Jeff will mention to you,

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which were not designed for EVA.

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That requires
some very precision

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and detailed kind of work,
but that's the basic plan,

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is to go out and work
with pairs every other day

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until the job is done to
reserve some contingency days.

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Tom will tell you about
the tools

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and the kind of hardware

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that we have to
get the job done.

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We have an incredible
flexibility.

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We do have a plan
in terms of pairs,

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but we can mix up people.

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We have four different sets
of suits,

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and in general,
we can interchange suits.

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We have trained to be able
to work with different people,

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and we have also done a lot of
training for contingency things,

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as Milt and Randy
mentioned to you earlier.

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If we get off the flight plan,
which we probably will,

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we can do any job
out there at any time,

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so Tom will tell you
something about

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the 200-plus kinds of tools

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and what the payload bay
will look like.

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Thanks, Story.

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Of the 10 unique tasks
that we're going to be required

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to do on this EVA,
as Story mentioned,

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most of those were designed
quite a while back

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that we were going
to be doing them,

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and as a result of a lot
of people's hard work,

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we inherited
fairly mature procedures

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and a fairly mature complement
of tools to go do the job.

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We have our tools distributed

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in various places
in the orbiter.

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Of course,
out in the payload bay,

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which is our work area,
you want to think of it

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as the garage
we're going to be working in,

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we have three different
toolboxes out there.

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We have one that is
an HST toolbox

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that is built specifically
to hold HST tools,

00:13:08.567.00:13:12.734
and there are approximately
40 unique tools in that toolbox.

00:13:12.734.00:13:16.701
We also have two toolboxes built
into the orbiter's payload bay,

00:13:16.701.00:13:19.234
one of which always flies
on space shuttle missions

00:13:19.234.00:13:22.634
and contains approximately
30 unique tools

00:13:22.634.00:13:24.067
for orbiter contingencies,

00:13:24.067.00:13:26.601
and then there's a spare toolbox
that we fill up

00:13:26.601.00:13:28.400
with unique tools,
depending on the mission,

00:13:28.400.00:13:31.234
and then, of course,
this one contains Hubble tools,

00:13:31.234.00:13:36.133
again about a dozen unique tools
in that toolbox.

00:13:36.133.00:13:38.734
Of all these tools
out in the payload bay,

00:13:38.734.00:13:42.367
right now all of those are
for contingency purposes.

00:13:42.367.00:13:43.767
If everything goes nominally,

00:13:43.767.00:13:45.801
we shouldn't even have to
get into those

00:13:45.801.00:13:47.868
unless we just want to get
some extra tools

00:13:47.868.00:13:49.868
to help our tasks down the road.

00:13:49.868.00:13:52.434
The majority of the tools
that we're going to be using

00:13:52.434.00:13:56.033
are stowed inside the mid-deck
and in the airlock,

00:13:56.033.00:13:58.567
and of those,
there's approximately 100 tools

00:13:58.567.00:14:00.601
that we have inside.

00:14:00.601.00:14:03.334
Of those,
50 we nominally will use.

00:14:03.334.00:14:05.834
so we know we're going to use
those 50 tools.

00:14:05.834.00:14:08.868
We have another 50 unique ones,
and that doesn't count

00:14:08.868.00:14:11.634
the backup, in other words,
duplicate tools that we have.

00:14:11.634.00:14:15.367
In other words, a lot of tools
we have two and three of.

00:14:15.367.00:14:17.634
In the mid-deck, we're going
to move all those tools

00:14:17.634.00:14:19.000
out into the airlock,

00:14:19.000.00:14:21.634
so Story mentioned
we're able to go out

00:14:21.634.00:14:24.601
and do on any EVA day any task.

00:14:24.601.00:14:27.534
We have all the tools available
in the airlock

00:14:27.534.00:14:30.200
to go retrieve if we need them.

00:14:30.200.00:14:33.634
Nominally, the two people
who are out doing a job,

00:14:33.634.00:14:35.267
one on the end of the arm,

00:14:35.267.00:14:38.434
he has a platform behind him
to stow tools on.

00:14:38.434.00:14:42.100
He approximately has 20 tools
during any EVA

00:14:42.100.00:14:43.834
that he can get to immediately.

00:14:43.834.00:14:45.200
The free floater,
on the other hand,

00:14:45.200.00:14:48.501
the only tools that he can have
are ones he can carry,

00:14:48.501.00:14:51.834
and usually that's just a power
tool with some extra sockets

00:14:51.834.00:14:53.634
and two or three tethers.

00:14:53.634.00:14:56.634
If you think of a garage
where you're out working,

00:14:56.634.00:14:58.234
when you get rid of a tool,

00:14:58.234.00:14:59.400
or you don't want
to use it anymore,

00:14:59.400.00:15:01.000
you lay it down on the counter.

00:15:01.000.00:15:02.868
Well, we can't do that
in the payload bay.

00:15:02.868.00:15:04.734
We have to keep everything
tethered,

00:15:04.734.00:15:08.033
so we can't have a lot of tools
at ready disposal,

00:15:08.033.00:15:09.601
except for the person
on the arm.

00:15:09.601.00:15:14.767
Of course, you're space limited
there, so of all these tools,

00:15:14.767.00:15:18.234
sound like an awful lot,
over 200 different unique tools,

00:15:18.234.00:15:21.267
we only have about approximately
50 that we nominally will use.

00:15:21.267.00:15:24.767
and they're always at our
disposal, all 200 of those.

00:15:24.767.00:15:26.367
In this garage or in
the payload bay

00:15:26.367.00:15:28.834
where we're working, of course,
at the aft end,

00:15:28.834.00:15:30.834
as I'm sure
you heard in earlier briefings,

00:15:30.834.00:15:34.300
is where the HST will be parked
on the FSS,

00:15:34.300.00:15:38.000
or Flight Support System
structure.

00:15:38.000.00:15:39.801
That will be at the very back
of the payload bay,

00:15:39.801.00:15:43.801
so that's approximately 30,
40 feet away from the airlock

00:15:43.801.00:15:45.467
any time
that we're working back there.

00:15:45.467.00:15:47.834
Now, if you're in your garage
working on something,

00:15:47.834.00:15:49.968
and you need a tool
that you don't have,

00:15:49.968.00:15:53.601
it's nothing to walk 30
or 40 feet to go get your tool,

00:15:53.601.00:15:56.067
but that's a lot of overhead
for us in the payload bay

00:15:56.067.00:15:58.367
to have to go to the airlock
to get a tool.

00:15:58.367.00:16:02.200
It's a 5- to 10-minute task just
to translate there and back,

00:16:02.200.00:16:04.434
so we try to have all the tools
we're going to use

00:16:04.434.00:16:07.634
on that day with us
when we go out of the airlock,

00:16:07.634.00:16:10.267
so we actually go through
the choreography

00:16:10.267.00:16:14.300
of setting up for any EVA day
what tools we're going to need,

00:16:14.300.00:16:16.033
and we have those either
on the end of the arm

00:16:16.033.00:16:20.200
or with us to save us
that trip back to the airlock.

00:16:20.200.00:16:21.834
Now, all these tools,
as I mentioned,

00:16:21.834.00:16:25.434
and procedures
that we ended up with,

00:16:25.434.00:16:27.000
we ended up inheriting

00:16:27.000.00:16:28.667
those when we were assigned
to the crew,

00:16:28.667.00:16:31.033
and a lot of people did a lot of
hard work getting there,

00:16:31.033.00:16:33.601
and the tools that we have,

00:16:33.601.00:16:37.400
we're really indebted
to the tool folks here at JSC

00:16:37.400.00:16:40.701
and up at Goddard
for not only giving us the tools

00:16:40.701.00:16:42.167
that are very EVA-friendly

00:16:42.167.00:16:44.367
but actually modifying
some existing tools

00:16:44.367.00:16:45.968
as we went through training

00:16:45.968.00:16:49.000
to make our task not only easier
but more efficient

00:16:49.000.00:16:51.000
so that we can save
EVA time up there,

00:16:51.000.00:16:53.367
and I'm sure the success
that we're going to have

00:16:53.367.00:16:55.100
is going to be in great part

00:16:55.100.00:16:57.501
due to their efforts
in making us the tools

00:16:57.501.00:17:00.501
that we needed
to be able to do the job.

00:17:00.501.00:17:02.667
I think Jeff and KT now
are going to tell you

00:17:02.667.00:17:04.901
a little bit more in detail
about the tasks

00:17:04.901.00:17:07.501
that we're going to be
doing out in the payload bay.

00:17:10.100.00:17:11.968
-I'd like to take off
a little bit

00:17:11.968.00:17:17.033
on Tom's analogy of the garage
and how you use your tools

00:17:17.033.00:17:19.801
before getting into
the specifics of the tasks,

00:17:19.801.00:17:23.667
because it's something
that I like to tell people

00:17:23.667.00:17:26.901
to explain
our basic philosophy.

00:17:26.901.00:17:29.701
Anybody who's ever worked
on a car understands this,

00:17:29.701.00:17:31.934
you know,
the number one rule

00:17:31.934.00:17:34.267
when you go to work
on your car is,

00:17:34.267.00:17:35.767
"Don't hurt yourself."

00:17:35.767.00:17:38.334
Number two, "For god's sakes,
don't break anything

00:17:38.334.00:17:39.968
that isn't already broken,"

00:17:39.968.00:17:43.067
and then only after you get
past those first two things,

00:17:43.067.00:17:45.901
then you worry about fixing
the problems that exist,

00:17:45.901.00:17:48.200
and that's exactly
the philosophy

00:17:48.200.00:17:51.000
that we have to follow here.

00:17:51.000.00:17:53.601
We work with safety of the crew

00:17:53.601.00:17:57.334
and the shuttle
as our primary responsibility.

00:17:57.334.00:18:01.033
We have to exercise
exquisite care

00:18:01.033.00:18:03.067
because we're going to be
working in an environment

00:18:03.067.00:18:06.067
with a lot
of very delicate hardware,

00:18:06.067.00:18:10.000
and we certainly don't want
to mess up anything

00:18:10.000.00:18:13.567
that isn't broken now.

00:18:13.567.00:18:16.367
Then we get onto
the actual repairs.

00:18:16.367.00:18:21.133
I'll say a little bit maybe
about some of the EVA-friendly

00:18:21.133.00:18:24.167
repairs specifically designed
for change-out,

00:18:24.167.00:18:26.667
and then maybe let Kathy
say something

00:18:26.667.00:18:29.334
about the more
difficult things.

00:18:31.901.00:18:38.100
The two things I think that are
maybe closer to my heart

00:18:38.100.00:18:40.868
than anything else
as an old astronomer

00:18:40.868.00:18:43.167
are the optical repairs
that we'll be doing,

00:18:43.167.00:18:46.467
and that's the WFPC,
the Wide Field/Planetary Camera

00:18:46.467.00:18:51.067
and the COSTAR, and these are
the largest pieces of equipment

00:18:51.067.00:18:53.667
that we'll be moving around,

00:18:53.667.00:18:56.734
and it's when we move around
these huge pieces of equipment

00:18:56.734.00:18:58.868
that we really
appreciate Claude

00:18:58.868.00:19:02.133
being able to drive us
on the arm.

00:19:02.133.00:19:03.834
As he said, we do have ways

00:19:03.834.00:19:06.200
of getting these
big pieces of equipment

00:19:06.200.00:19:08.033
from one place to the other
without the arm,

00:19:08.033.00:19:11.234
but it's a lot more difficult
and a lot slower.

00:19:13.934.00:19:18.200
We have practiced moving
these things around underwater.

00:19:18.200.00:19:22.534
Of course, there's difficulties
getting a perfect simulation

00:19:22.534.00:19:25.567
underwater because you have
the viscosity of the water,

00:19:25.567.00:19:29.033
which causes it
to be more difficult

00:19:29.033.00:19:31.567
to get large objects moving,

00:19:31.567.00:19:34.434
and makes it, of course,
easier to get them stopped,

00:19:34.434.00:19:36.300
which is not true in space.

00:19:36.300.00:19:39.133
All of us who are going to be
doing the space walks

00:19:39.133.00:19:41.534
have prior EVA experience,

00:19:41.534.00:19:43.767
so I think
we're in a good position

00:19:43.767.00:19:46.400
to be able to appreciate
the differences

00:19:46.400.00:19:49.667
between the kinds of training
that we've had

00:19:49.667.00:19:52.767
and the actual
space environment,

00:19:52.767.00:19:57.801
but this will be a real test
of putting in the WFPC

00:19:57.801.00:20:02.801
and the COSTAR of whether
you really can

00:20:02.801.00:20:06.501
design large pieces of equipment

00:20:06.501.00:20:10.701
for on-orbit repair
and refurbishment,

00:20:10.701.00:20:13.501
because this of course
was the whole idea

00:20:13.501.00:20:16.534
behind the Hubble Telescope
originally.

00:20:16.534.00:20:20.901
The reason we were able
to commit to building a project

00:20:20.901.00:20:22.667
worth in excess of $1 billion

00:20:22.667.00:20:28.133
is that it's the space shuttle
that gives us the ability

00:20:28.133.00:20:30.400
to maintain
this sort of a facility

00:20:30.400.00:20:33.100
as a national observatory.

00:20:35.234.00:20:39.267
This was what we signed up
for a long time ago

00:20:39.267.00:20:41.334
when the telescope was built,

00:20:41.334.00:20:44.434
and this is what we now
have to go demonstrate,

00:20:44.434.00:20:46.501
and the WFPC and the COSTAR

00:20:46.501.00:20:50.634
and some of the other equipment
like the gyroscopes

00:20:50.634.00:20:54.501
and the electronic control units
really are very nicely designed.

00:20:54.501.00:20:58.067
There's a minimum of bolts
to undo and do up.

00:20:58.067.00:21:02.400
There's nice tracks that you
can slide the equipment in.

00:21:04.234.00:21:07.067
It's kind of amazing that
we have to be able to position

00:21:07.067.00:21:08.534
this optical equipment

00:21:08.534.00:21:11.501
to an accuracy of better
than a millimeter,

00:21:11.501.00:21:14.734
and it's something that normally
you'd have trouble

00:21:14.734.00:21:16.934
doing even on the ground
in your bare hands,

00:21:16.934.00:21:19.968
and yet the system of tracks

00:21:19.968.00:21:23.701
which guide these large pieces
of equipment into place

00:21:23.701.00:21:26.534
and in the system of latches
which we can actuate

00:21:26.534.00:21:30.000
will provide us
with this sort of accuracy.

00:21:30.000.00:21:33.834
Of course, we wish that
everything on the telescope

00:21:33.834.00:21:36.300
was so easy to work.

00:21:36.300.00:21:39.200
Some things we're going to have
to work a little bit harder on,

00:21:39.200.00:21:42.534
and Kathy is going
to talk about that.

00:21:42.534.00:21:46.400
-I'll tell you specifically what
we intend to do on each day.

00:21:46.400.00:21:49.300
As Story said, we're prepared
to adjust our plan,

00:21:49.300.00:21:51.934
to change our jobs each day,
but we'd be very happy to stick

00:21:51.934.00:21:54.567
with what we've been training
to do for a while.

00:21:54.567.00:21:55.801
On the first day,
there's a little bit of

00:21:55.801.00:21:57.300
housekeeping to be
done out there.

00:21:57.300.00:22:00.067
The tools have to be moved out
and positioned.

00:22:00.067.00:22:03.634
The MFR has to be installed
in the end of the RMS

00:22:03.634.00:22:06.667
so that Claude can move us
around to do our jobs.

00:22:06.667.00:22:10.033
Low-gain antenna cover has to go
on the bottom of the telescope

00:22:10.033.00:22:13.968
to protect the low-gain antenna
from us as we work out there.

00:22:13.968.00:22:16.801
We have some Translation Aids
that have to be deployed.

00:22:16.801.00:22:18.734
When that housekeeping is done,
then Jeff and Story

00:22:18.734.00:22:20.167
will start on the first task,

00:22:20.167.00:22:22.801
which is to replace two
of the Rate Sensing Units

00:22:22.801.00:22:24.400
in the telescope.

00:22:24.400.00:22:28.234
They'll also change out two
of the Electronic Control Boxes

00:22:28.234.00:22:30.734
and a number of fuses
on the telescope,

00:22:30.734.00:22:33.734
which have been determined
to not be built

00:22:33.734.00:22:35.734
according to spec,
so they need to be changed out

00:22:35.734.00:22:37.868
before
the scientific instruments,

00:22:37.868.00:22:39.701
and although it doesn't sound
like a lot,

00:22:39.701.00:22:42.567
that will be one
very full EVA day.

00:22:42.567.00:22:44.767
When they come in,
we will completely clean

00:22:44.767.00:22:46.267
and refurbish their suits

00:22:46.267.00:22:49.834
so that they would be available
for the next day if necessary.

00:22:49.834.00:22:53.234
However, we're going to try
to alternate teams

00:22:53.234.00:22:55.567
to keep us a little bit fresher
than we would be

00:22:55.567.00:22:57.567
if we had to go
back-to-back-to-back EVAs,

00:22:57.567.00:23:00.367
although we are capable
of that, as well.

00:23:00.367.00:23:02.267
Tom and I will go out
on the second EVA day

00:23:02.267.00:23:04.334
and replace both solar arrays.

00:23:04.334.00:23:08.300
The solar arrays are the first
of the fairly massive objects

00:23:08.300.00:23:11.133
that we're going to move around
in zero gravity.

00:23:11.133.00:23:14.234
Out training for that comes not
so much from the water tank,

00:23:14.234.00:23:16.634
but from some air
bearing floor training

00:23:16.634.00:23:19.234
that we have done
in Building Nine.

00:23:19.234.00:23:22.667
That's the only chance we have
to move these massive objects

00:23:22.667.00:23:25.601
around in an almost
frictionless environment.

00:23:25.601.00:23:28.067
Water certainly doesn't qualify
for almost frictionless.

00:23:28.067.00:23:29.634
It takes a great deal of effort

00:23:29.634.00:23:32.100
to push those objects around
in the water tank,

00:23:32.100.00:23:34.400
so that in itself
is negative training.

00:23:34.400.00:23:36.467
We try to get an idea of what
it's really going to feel like

00:23:36.467.00:23:38.868
to move those
from the air bearing floor.

00:23:38.868.00:23:40.834
In the water tank, we get down
our choreography

00:23:40.834.00:23:43.267
of who does
what and actually mating

00:23:43.267.00:23:45.100
the interfaces
and driving the bolts,

00:23:45.100.00:23:47.868
and that is fairly realistic
in the water, however,

00:23:47.868.00:23:50.167
moving these objects is not.

00:23:50.167.00:23:52.367
That'll take a whole day
to replace both solar arrays.

00:23:52.367.00:23:54.934
We'll take off the minus V-2
solar array first.

00:23:54.934.00:23:57.400
Then we have to put that in
a temporary stowage bracket

00:23:57.400.00:23:59.100
to get it out of our way.

00:23:59.100.00:24:01.534
We'll remove the new
minus V-2 array

00:24:01.534.00:24:02.934
and install it on the telescope,

00:24:02.934.00:24:04.901
remake all the electrical
connections

00:24:04.901.00:24:08.667
and the latches
that hold it to the telescope.

00:24:08.667.00:24:10.400
We'll stand back and hopefully
get a chance

00:24:10.400.00:24:11.801
to look at the stars
or the earth

00:24:11.801.00:24:13.133
or whatever is
in view at the time

00:24:13.133.00:24:15.767
while the telescope
is rotated 180 degrees,

00:24:15.767.00:24:17.000
and then we'll proceed to do

00:24:17.000.00:24:18.701
the plus V-2 array
in the same manner.

00:24:18.701.00:24:21.634
When we're finished with that,
we have to stow the old array

00:24:21.634.00:24:24.400
that's temporarily stowed
on the side of the orbiter,

00:24:24.400.00:24:26.000
and again, it may not sound
like a full day,

00:24:26.000.00:24:28.334
but that's a full EVA day.

00:24:28.334.00:24:30.701
On the third day, the first of
the scientific instruments

00:24:30.701.00:24:32.901
will go in --
the Wide Field/Planetary Camera.

00:24:32.901.00:24:35.067
Jeff and Story will remove
the old one.

00:24:35.067.00:24:37.734
Again, we have a temporary
stowage position

00:24:37.734.00:24:40.834
on the side of the orbiter
to get that out of our way

00:24:40.834.00:24:44.567
while we install the new
Wide Field/Planetary Camera.

00:24:44.567.00:24:46.934
That's a very
delicate operation.

00:24:46.934.00:24:49.234
It's not a difficult one,
but very delicate in that

00:24:49.234.00:24:52.434
the mirror sticks out in front
with no protection

00:24:52.434.00:24:54.834
once you remove
the mirror cover.

00:24:54.834.00:24:56.734
This very delicate
and very expensive

00:24:56.734.00:24:58.534
and very essential mirror

00:24:58.534.00:25:01.033
is the first thing
that goes in the cavity,

00:25:01.033.00:25:02.901
so it's going to be very,
very important to do

00:25:02.901.00:25:04.601
that slowly, carefully,

00:25:04.601.00:25:07.367
and very precisely
to protect that.

00:25:07.367.00:25:08.901
When that's complete,
they're going to have time

00:25:08.901.00:25:10.434
to do one more job that day,

00:25:10.434.00:25:13.067
and that's to replace
the magnetometers.

00:25:13.067.00:25:15.367
Those are located near the top
end of the telescope,

00:25:15.367.00:25:18.934
which is a little bit out
of reach of the mechanical arm,

00:25:18.934.00:25:22.534
so we'll tilt the telescope
down to them, about 15 degrees,

00:25:22.534.00:25:26.033
and allow them to install
new magnetometers

00:25:26.033.00:25:29.601
on the top of the old ones
and hook those up.

00:25:29.601.00:25:31.734
Fourth EVA day, Tom and I
go back out,

00:25:31.734.00:25:35.367
and we will remove the HSP
from the telescope,

00:25:35.367.00:25:38.367
stow it on the same bracket
the WFPC had been

00:25:38.367.00:25:42.868
temporarily stowed on,
replace that with the COSTAR.

00:25:42.868.00:25:46.901
That's the largest, most massive
object that we're moving around.

00:25:46.901.00:25:48.968
It also has one delicate corner

00:25:48.968.00:25:51.501
where the deployable
optical bench comes out.

00:25:51.501.00:25:53.901
We're going to try very hard
not to bump that.

00:25:53.901.00:25:56.567
It's something about the size
of a phone booth,

00:25:56.567.00:25:58.534
and we're sticking it in a hole
which is probably

00:25:58.534.00:26:01.667
only an inch taller
than the box we're sticking in,

00:26:01.667.00:26:04.167
so that's something
that will go very slowly,

00:26:04.167.00:26:06.267
and if you wonder on the ground
what's taking so long,

00:26:06.267.00:26:08.767
it's that we have
to be very careful.

00:26:08.767.00:26:11.400
It's not so important how fast
you get the job done,

00:26:11.400.00:26:13.267
but it is very, very important
that we do it right

00:26:13.267.00:26:15.133
and we do it carefully.

00:26:15.133.00:26:18.901
We'll also on that day add
a co-processor to the computer

00:26:18.901.00:26:20.501
that's running the telescope

00:26:20.501.00:26:23.234
to add some additional
memory to that.

00:26:23.234.00:26:26.667
The fifth day has just
a couple tasks on it.

00:26:26.667.00:26:28.968
It's not scheduled
as a full EVA day,

00:26:28.968.00:26:31.801
but that'll give us margin
in case some of the other tasks

00:26:31.801.00:26:33.801
run longer than we think.

00:26:33.801.00:26:38.767
The GHRS repair kit will be
installed to add some redundancy

00:26:38.767.00:26:43.067
to the high-resolution
spectrometer on board,

00:26:43.067.00:26:45.100
and also the Sadie,
the electronics box

00:26:45.100.00:26:47.901
for the solar arrays
will be replaced on that day.

00:26:47.901.00:26:50.234
That's one of the tasks
that was not planned to be done,

00:26:50.234.00:26:52.133
and so it's a little bit
more difficult

00:26:52.133.00:26:54.167
than the very elegant tasks

00:26:54.167.00:26:57.601
that were anticipated
when the telescope was built.

00:26:57.601.00:26:59.000
There's some very small bolts

00:26:59.000.00:27:01.000
that hold that box
to the telescope,

00:27:01.000.00:27:04.200
and they have to be removed
and captured with a gloved hand

00:27:04.200.00:27:05.601
along with the washers
that are on them

00:27:05.601.00:27:07.801
and stowed in a trash bag.

00:27:07.801.00:27:09.334
We're hoping
to get all six of them.

00:27:09.334.00:27:10.634
There's a chance we might not,

00:27:10.634.00:27:12.234
but we're going to give it
our best shot.

00:27:12.234.00:27:13.834
We'll replace that box.

00:27:13.834.00:27:16.601
It also has
little connectors on it

00:27:16.601.00:27:18.167
similar to what you have
on your computer

00:27:18.167.00:27:20.901
with these little D-connectors
with tiny, tiny screws

00:27:20.901.00:27:23.167
that have to be backed out
and reinserted,

00:27:23.167.00:27:24.801
and that in itself
will take a long time.

00:27:24.801.00:27:27.667
It'll look like we're standing
out there not doing much,

00:27:27.667.00:27:30.367
but it's also
a time-consuming task

00:27:30.367.00:27:31.767
to get all those little
tiny screws back

00:27:31.767.00:27:33.567
where they came from.

00:27:33.567.00:27:35.634
When that's complete,
our EVA job is done.

00:27:35.634.00:27:38.434
The solar arrays will be
deployed that day,

00:27:38.434.00:27:41.767
and then we'll hand it over
to Claude as a complete

00:27:41.767.00:27:44.834
and refurbished telescope
to be deployed.

00:27:46.167.00:27:49.934
-Now, the deploy on day 9
does not consist

00:27:49.934.00:27:52.434
only in releasing the telescope
and backing away from it.

00:27:52.434.00:27:55.367
Obviously, there's a lot
of preparation work

00:27:55.367.00:27:57.567
that has to be done
on the telescope itself,

00:27:57.567.00:27:58.901
on the orbiter and on the arm

00:27:58.901.00:28:00.901
in order to be ready
for the release.

00:28:00.901.00:28:03.000
We have to realize
that after release,

00:28:03.000.00:28:05.667
we won't be able to get back to
the telescope for several months

00:28:05.667.00:28:07.467
or several years,
planned 3 years,

00:28:07.467.00:28:10.734
which is a time span
between servicing missions

00:28:10.734.00:28:13.501
of the Hubble Space Telescope.

00:28:13.501.00:28:15.334
The configuration
of the telescope

00:28:15.334.00:28:17.200
will be performed by STOCC,

00:28:17.200.00:28:21.033
by the Space Telescope
Operation Control Center

00:28:21.033.00:28:22.934
at Goddard Space
Flight Center.

00:28:22.934.00:28:25.567
We will configure the orbiter
and the arm properly

00:28:25.567.00:28:27.167
before the release.

00:28:27.167.00:28:28.634
As far as the telescope is
concerned,

00:28:28.634.00:28:30.734
obviously the solar arrays
will already be deployed.

00:28:30.734.00:28:36.000
This should be done on the
5th EVA day. as Katie mentioned.

00:28:36.000.00:28:38.567
The high-gain antenna will have
to be deployed also,

00:28:38.567.00:28:42.200
and the aperture door covering
the top of the telescope

00:28:42.200.00:28:45.400
will have to be
commanded open also.

00:28:45.400.00:28:47.701
The reason why this is done
prior to release

00:28:47.701.00:28:51.334
is that we want to be sure
that this door can be opened

00:28:51.334.00:28:55.133
by commands from the ground
before releasing the telescope.

00:28:55.133.00:28:57.100
We don't want to release
the telescope and realize

00:28:57.100.00:29:01.701
after we have separated from us,
we can't open that door.

00:29:01.701.00:29:03.934
There's always
the capability by EVA

00:29:03.934.00:29:11.033
means to crank that door open in
case the command doesn't work.

00:29:11.033.00:29:12.934
Now, the release itself
is going to be done

00:29:12.934.00:29:14.734
inside a certain window

00:29:14.734.00:29:17.334
that relates
to lighting conditions

00:29:17.334.00:29:21.200
and communication capabilities
with the ground,

00:29:21.200.00:29:23.501
and within that window
after the telescope

00:29:23.501.00:29:26.467
will have been put in the proper
position above the cargo bay

00:29:26.467.00:29:29.200
using the Remote
Manipulator System,

00:29:29.200.00:29:31.100
at some point,
I will release the snares,

00:29:31.100.00:29:33.267
back away the arm,
put the brakes on,

00:29:33.267.00:29:36.767
and then Sox will take over
to do the separation.

00:29:36.767.00:29:39.501
Separation in three steps
that he can talk about,

00:29:39.501.00:29:42.901
as well as about the last steps
of the mission

00:29:42.901.00:29:44.300
and the re-entry landing.

00:29:44.300.00:29:46.567
Well, there's a few
different sequences

00:29:46.567.00:29:50.234
we may actually end up doing
to get away from the telescope,

00:29:50.234.00:29:51.934
but they all have
some things in common.

00:29:51.934.00:29:54.834
One of those is a very small
burn to get us moving

00:29:54.834.00:29:56.901
initially away
from the telescope,

00:29:56.901.00:30:00.300
and then another one
or two burns a short time later

00:30:00.300.00:30:03.267
to bring us to a lower orbit
and get us separating

00:30:03.267.00:30:06.234
and setting us up
for the final de-orbit burn.

00:30:06.234.00:30:08.601
I'm sure there'll be some mixed
emotions on board

00:30:08.601.00:30:10.467
when we're backing away
from the telescope.

00:30:10.467.00:30:12.667
There will be
some jubilation, I think,

00:30:12.667.00:30:15.000
for the tasks that we've been
able to accomplish,

00:30:15.000.00:30:17.234
and I imagine there'll be
a little bit of sadness, too,

00:30:17.234.00:30:20.100
because our time on orbit
will be coming to an end,

00:30:20.100.00:30:21.834
and the back-away
from the telescope will mark

00:30:21.834.00:30:25.934
that very, very brightly.

00:30:25.934.00:30:27.934
Over the next 2 days,
we'll have a lot of work to do,

00:30:27.934.00:30:31.300
packing up the orbiter, getting
everything ready to come home.

00:30:31.300.00:30:32.968
Whenever you come back
from a vacation,

00:30:32.968.00:30:34.767
you know what it's like
to repack your suitcase.

00:30:34.767.00:30:36.767
Well, it's even harder
on the orbiter.

00:30:36.767.00:30:39.200
There's lots of nooks and
crannies that we have to find

00:30:39.200.00:30:41.901
and put all the things
back into.

00:30:41.901.00:30:45.400
That'll keep everybody's
minds busy.

00:30:45.400.00:30:49.601
The actual end of the flight
will occur about flight day 12.

00:30:49.601.00:30:51.767
We'll do the de-orbit burn.

00:30:51.767.00:30:55.267
It'll be 300,
400 miles per hour.

00:30:55.267.00:30:57.367
That will slow down
the orbiter's velocity.

00:30:57.367.00:30:59.267
That'll cause our orbit
to dip down

00:30:59.267.00:31:00.834
into the Earth's atmosphere,

00:31:00.834.00:31:03.767
and the atmosphere will cause
drag in the vehicle

00:31:03.767.00:31:07.267
and slow us down
to the final landing velocity.

00:31:07.267.00:31:10.601
We'll be landing at night,
either at KSC or Edwards.

00:31:10.601.00:31:12.167
I hope on this flight, for me,

00:31:12.167.00:31:14.901
I get to land
where my family is,

00:31:14.901.00:31:16.834
but you can never predict that.

00:31:16.834.00:31:18.434
We don't know what the weather
is going to be

00:31:18.434.00:31:21.834
12 days after we take off.

00:31:21.834.00:31:24.100
Covey will do a super job
on the landing, I'm sure.

00:31:24.100.00:31:26.200
We've been getting lots of
practice in the STA

00:31:26.200.00:31:28.000
flying at night.

00:31:28.000.00:31:31.834
I don't think I've flown as much
at night here

00:31:31.834.00:31:33.334
except maybe when
I was out in the Navy.

00:31:33.334.00:31:36.801
We flew a lot at night
there out on the carrier,

00:31:36.801.00:31:38.601
but this is probably
a personal record for me

00:31:38.601.00:31:40.067
in about the last 5 years,

00:31:40.067.00:31:42.534
the number of night hours
we've been getting.

00:31:42.534.00:31:44.968
I guess I'll turn it over
to Covey

00:31:44.968.00:31:49.934
now to wrap things up and
summarize what we'll be doing.

00:31:49.934.00:31:52.667
-Okay.
Well, thanks.

00:31:52.667.00:31:55.801
This has been a brief time
for the crew to talk to you

00:31:55.801.00:31:59.767
about the activities that
we expect to participate in.

00:31:59.767.00:32:07.968
I want to close the comments
here with just some thoughts.

00:32:07.968.00:32:10.067
Eight years ago, I sat at
a similar press conference

00:32:10.067.00:32:13.334
as we prepared for a mission
that had many of the same type

00:32:13.334.00:32:14.868
of elements
that this does,

00:32:14.868.00:32:19.634
a EVA, a satellite repair
and lots of RMS operations,

00:32:19.634.00:32:24.667
and the commander was Joe Engle,
and at that time,

00:32:24.667.00:32:27.534
he described the level
of crew activity

00:32:27.534.00:32:31.934
by saying that we were as busy
as a litter of puppies.

00:32:31.934.00:32:35.667
I think that probably is true
for us right now, too.

00:32:35.667.00:32:37.267
We have been incredibly busy,

00:32:37.267.00:32:39.801
particularly over
the last 2 weeks,

00:32:39.801.00:32:42.801
but our level of activity now
is starting to settle down

00:32:42.801.00:32:44.033
where we're able to reflect

00:32:44.033.00:32:47.501
directly on those tasks
ahead of us

00:32:47.501.00:32:49.067
and how we have
prepared for them.

00:32:49.067.00:32:52.200
To give you a perspective
of that,

00:32:52.200.00:32:57.267
Story and Jeff made their last
neutral-buoyancy run yesterday.

00:32:57.267.00:33:01.534
Kathy and Tom will make
their last run tomorrow,

00:33:01.534.00:33:05.767
so that's the end of the
neutral-buoyancy runs for them.

00:33:05.767.00:33:07.067
If you think
in terms of the fact

00:33:07.067.00:33:11.968
that they've spent collectively
over 400 hours

00:33:11.968.00:33:14.534
in neutral-buoyancy in training,

00:33:14.534.00:33:18.701
it's the end of
a very big activity.

00:33:18.701.00:33:23.634
We've completed almost all of
our shuttle-mission-simulation

00:33:23.634.00:33:30.801
training except for some ascent
and entry-integrated simulations

00:33:30.801.00:33:34.534
that'll occur tomorrow
and early next week,

00:33:34.534.00:33:38.834
and then we will go into
quarantine and begin shifting

00:33:38.834.00:33:44.267
to basically about 12 hours
on Wednesday of next week.

00:33:44.267.00:33:47.033
So we'll spend Thanksgiving
in quarantine,

00:33:47.033.00:33:48.634
but it probably
won't be so bad

00:33:48.634.00:33:52.734
because we'll be sleeping
between 11:00 and 7:00,

00:33:52.734.00:33:56.901
11:00 in the morning and
7:00 p.m.. on Thanksgiving Day.

00:33:58.934.00:34:00.734
And we will continue
that sleep pattern up

00:34:00.734.00:34:03.400
until the time we fly.

00:34:03.400.00:34:07.067
In summary,
the crew is really ready.

00:34:07.067.00:34:11.234
I've -- This crew has more
Space Shuttle experience

00:34:11.234.00:34:13.234
that any other
Space Shuttle flight.

00:34:13.234.00:34:16.334
We have 16 flights collectively
between us.

00:34:16.334.00:34:18.901
Soon as we get into orbit,
that's going to be 23.

00:34:18.901.00:34:23.434
So if you think in terms
of those terms, it's incredible,

00:34:23.434.00:34:26.601
but that has helped us
to get through the training

00:34:26.601.00:34:29.667
that we have and to get
to the point where we are.

00:34:29.667.00:34:32.934
More important than the crew
being ready, the team is ready,

00:34:32.934.00:34:35.267
and that's
the Space Shuttle program,

00:34:35.267.00:34:41.634
the Hubble project,
the mission-operations team.

00:34:41.634.00:34:43.968
They're all ready.
They're very ready.

00:34:43.968.00:34:48.000
They have prepared themselves
more for this mission

00:34:48.000.00:34:50.300
than I've seen
for any other space flight.

00:34:50.300.00:34:54.133
The intensity of our
integrated simulations

00:34:54.133.00:34:58.501
is far beyond what I think that
I personally have ever seen,

00:34:58.501.00:35:00.334
and that would include STS-26

00:35:00.334.00:35:04.067
where we did a lot
of integrated training.

00:35:04.067.00:35:05.567
That makes me feel very good.

00:35:05.567.00:35:08.467
I know that when we're in
flight, safely in orbit,

00:35:08.467.00:35:09.801
that we're going to have
the support

00:35:09.801.00:35:13.200
of a superior
and superb ground team,

00:35:13.200.00:35:16.868
and if we're going to do this
mission right and get it done,

00:35:16.868.00:35:19.000
all of the objectives
done the way we plan,

00:35:19.000.00:35:24.167
it's going to take the total
team, not just us in orbit.

00:35:24.167.00:35:26.601
With that, Kyle,
I'll turn it back to you.

00:35:26.601.00:35:28.400
-Okay, great.
We're ready for questions,

00:35:28.400.00:35:31.100
and I would like to ask
everybody along the net

00:35:31.100.00:35:34.000
that's going to ask questions
is to identify the crew member,

00:35:34.000.00:35:37.000
and that'll help our audio folks
a great deal this morning.

00:35:37.000.00:35:39.801
We'll start here at JSC,
and then we'll got to KSC

00:35:39.801.00:35:41.667
and Goddard as we did
in the last briefing.

00:35:41.667.00:35:44.267
We'll start with Mark.

00:35:44.267.00:35:46.534
-This is Mark Carob,
Houston Chronicle,

00:35:46.534.00:35:48.467
and I guess, for Story,

00:35:48.467.00:35:51.133
but maybe others
could add to this,

00:35:51.133.00:35:56.133
but could you sort of explain
how the EVA team was paired up,

00:35:56.133.00:35:58.968
realizing there's flexibility
and you can mix

00:35:58.968.00:36:00.834
and match as you need to,

00:36:00.834.00:36:05.601
and when this was jelled
or firmed up?

00:36:07.567.00:36:13.300
-The time, I'd say, was,
oh, roughly about a year ago.

00:36:13.300.00:36:15.734
I just polled people
and talked to people

00:36:15.734.00:36:19.667
and kind of got
their preferences.

00:36:19.667.00:36:23.467
No one had any really
strong preferences,

00:36:23.467.00:36:27.834
so it kind of sorted out,
fell out like this.

00:36:27.834.00:36:29.701
Tom and KT had obviously,

00:36:29.701.00:36:33.734
They had worked together
on STS-49,

00:36:33.734.00:36:37.234
so they were,
you know, a team already.

00:36:37.234.00:36:41.601
They had struck their rhythm
already there,

00:36:41.601.00:36:43.801
but that didn't
necessarily dictate

00:36:43.801.00:36:45.334
the way it would be here.

00:36:45.334.00:36:47.634
So we just really got together
and just kind of talked,

00:36:47.634.00:36:50.000
but it turns out there were
no really strong drivers.

00:36:50.000.00:36:53.300
You could've just
thrown us up like dice

00:36:53.300.00:36:54.667
and let us fall back down,

00:36:54.667.00:36:58.434
and that would've worked
very well, too.

00:37:01.434.00:37:05.400
-Any more questions?
Let's start right here, sir.

00:37:05.400.00:37:07.000
-Stephen Gauvain, KTRK TV.

00:37:07.000.00:37:09.501
I'd like to ask the question
I asked in the earlier briefing,

00:37:09.501.00:37:11.334
and that's about fatigue.

00:37:11.334.00:37:13.033
Story, perhaps you want
to start with this.

00:37:13.033.00:37:16.234
How do you guard against fatigue
after all of the hours

00:37:16.234.00:37:19.167
that's been put in so far?

00:37:19.167.00:37:22.367
-Are you starting with me
for any particular reason?

00:37:22.367.00:37:26.434
[ Laughter ]

00:37:26.434.00:37:29.901
Well, it probably
starts on the ground.

00:37:29.901.00:37:31.968
We've had an awful lot
of integrated simulations,

00:37:31.968.00:37:33.534
over 50 hours
in the simulator.

00:37:33.534.00:37:34.901
It's our last week.

00:37:34.901.00:37:36.767
Monday, we were integrating,

00:37:36.767.00:37:38.968
we had another
simulation Tuesday,

00:37:38.968.00:37:41.467
and we spent 8 hours
in the water tank yesterday.

00:37:41.467.00:37:45.367
So like getting ready
for the Olympics,

00:37:45.367.00:37:47.834
we're peaked out right here,
and now we'll start --

00:37:47.834.00:37:50.834
KT and Tom had got
their 8-hour run on Friday,

00:37:50.834.00:37:53.934
but we'll start slacking off and
resting up just a little bit,

00:37:53.934.00:37:55.701
going back
to 8- or 10-hour days.

00:37:55.701.00:37:59.234
Now I think that'll come out
exactly right for the flight,

00:37:59.234.00:38:02.534
but, Steve, we do have
to look at fatigue.

00:38:02.534.00:38:06.033
We've got to be reflective
enough to look at ourselves,

00:38:06.033.00:38:07.434
to be sure we're rested.

00:38:07.434.00:38:11.434
We do have a day off
that is scheduled in there,

00:38:11.434.00:38:15.801
so in case we run into any tasks
which need to be researched,

00:38:15.801.00:38:20.100
we run into surprises that need
some research on the ground,

00:38:20.100.00:38:22.534
we can take a day off
for that reason,

00:38:22.534.00:38:24.834
or if Dick or the rest
of the team

00:38:24.834.00:38:27.300
sees that we've been
pushing pretty hard,

00:38:27.300.00:38:30.000
we can put the day off,
then regroup,

00:38:30.000.00:38:32.200
and pick it up from there.

00:38:32.200.00:38:37.567
But I think the training we've
had on the ground has gotten us,

00:38:37.567.00:38:42.300
you know, in really pretty fit
shape to be able to perform well

00:38:42.300.00:38:45.434
with the amount of jobs
that we need to do.

00:38:45.434.00:38:46.868
The person inside, too --

00:38:46.868.00:38:49.734
You've got to think
about the people inside, too.

00:38:49.734.00:38:53.234
I find I'm just as tired with
all of the real concentration

00:38:53.234.00:38:57.901
and focus conducting the
symphony from inside as outside.

00:38:57.901.00:38:59.367
So I'd say it's basically,

00:38:59.367.00:39:01.200
the kind of training
and preparation we've had,

00:39:01.200.00:39:05.000
it's reflectivity to be sure
that we look at ourselves,

00:39:05.000.00:39:07.334
what our state of fatigue is,

00:39:07.334.00:39:10.701
and taking the day off and
taking a break if we need one.

00:39:10.701.00:39:12.801
-I'd like to comment on that.

00:39:12.801.00:39:15.734
Just to give you
an example of --

00:39:15.734.00:39:19.367
The best simulation we probably
had of what it's like

00:39:19.367.00:39:25.133
to do a lot of these repetitive
EVA days was in October

00:39:25.133.00:39:28.634
when the crew went to
the Marshall Space Flight Center

00:39:28.634.00:39:32.868
for 2 weeks to do
neutral-buoyancy runs there.

00:39:32.868.00:39:36.267
We had most of the crew there
for most of the days,

00:39:36.267.00:39:41.234
but the EVA crew members,
at that time,

00:39:41.234.00:39:46.200
every day, we were doing 6,
7-hour runs in neutral buoyancy.

00:39:46.200.00:39:50.934
and some days it was
back-to-back the same team.

00:39:50.934.00:39:52.567
So Story and Jeff
would go in one day,

00:39:52.567.00:39:54.834
and the very next day,
they would go in again.

00:39:54.834.00:39:58.934
So we got a chance to see what
it was like in that environment

00:39:58.934.00:40:02.234
with long neutral-buoyancy runs
for the same crew members

00:40:02.234.00:40:05.334
to go back-to-back
and to get a feel for that.

00:40:05.334.00:40:08.167
To show you how that went,
they'd get out,

00:40:08.167.00:40:09.567
and these guys would get out,

00:40:09.567.00:40:11.000
and we'd go back
and get something to eat,

00:40:11.000.00:40:13.234
and they'd say, "Well,
when do we go to the gym?"

00:40:13.234.00:40:16.901
Fatigue was not an issue
to the point

00:40:16.901.00:40:19.801
where we were concerned
about it in those runs.

00:40:19.801.00:40:24.067
That's kind of a litmus
that I've used to consider

00:40:24.067.00:40:26.300
what I might expect on orbit.

00:40:26.300.00:40:30.100
But I feel
that I ultimately onboard

00:40:30.100.00:40:31.968
have to be the one
that will make the call

00:40:31.968.00:40:35.067
on whether or not I perceive
the EVA crew members

00:40:35.067.00:40:37.367
or the other crew members
as being fatigued at a point

00:40:37.367.00:40:39.334
where we need
to take our day off,

00:40:39.334.00:40:40.467
and it's built that way.

00:40:40.467.00:40:41.634
The flight plan is
built that way

00:40:41.634.00:40:44.267
so we can do that
when we need it.

00:40:44.267.00:40:46.033
-Just a quick one
for Claude, please.

00:40:46.033.00:40:48.033
Are you still using
the virtual reality,

00:40:48.033.00:40:50.901
and how did that actually work
out in the overall planning?

00:40:50.901.00:40:54.267
-We have used it
more as an evaluation tool

00:40:54.267.00:40:58.868
for positioning
of the EVA crew member

00:40:58.868.00:41:00.968
at the tip of the arm
for various tasks

00:41:00.968.00:41:04.634
and also the kinematics
of the arm motion

00:41:04.634.00:41:07.667
from one position to the other,
whether we got it to reach

00:41:07.667.00:41:10.467
limits or singularities
in the arm geometry.

00:41:10.467.00:41:12.834
We did not use it
extensively for training,

00:41:12.834.00:41:15.100
but more as
an evaluation tool

00:41:15.100.00:41:16.734
before we did the runs
in the water,

00:41:16.734.00:41:19.834
but this has been
a very useful tool.

00:41:19.834.00:41:21.934
-It's been 6 months
probably since

00:41:21.934.00:41:24.701
we've really done
any virtual-reality work,

00:41:24.701.00:41:28.901
and it was mostly development
work that we used it for.

00:41:28.901.00:41:31.501
-Peter.
-Peter Hen with Newsweek,

00:41:31.501.00:41:33.467
mainly for the EVA team,
but everybody else --

00:41:33.467.00:41:36.033
What's been the most memorable

00:41:36.033.00:41:40.033
or pivotal part
of your training?

00:41:45.434.00:41:46.968
-Everybody is waiting to see
who's going to take that

00:41:46.968.00:41:49.067
because nobody really wants to.

00:41:49.067.00:41:50.300
-Well, let me start.

00:41:50.300.00:41:53.367
I mean, I think,
in terms of pivotal,

00:41:53.367.00:41:56.567
I'd have to say the last trip
that we made

00:41:56.567.00:41:59.434
to the neutral-buoyancy tank
at Marshall

00:41:59.434.00:42:03.067
we sort of looked at
as our big dress rehearsal,

00:42:03.067.00:42:05.501
and that was a big test,

00:42:05.501.00:42:09.300
and I think when we finished
those 2 weeks

00:42:09.300.00:42:11.667
and had gone through
all the tasks

00:42:11.667.00:42:14.334
that we're planning
to do during flight,

00:42:14.334.00:42:17.767
and everything had really
gone well, and like Dick said,

00:42:17.767.00:42:21.300
we had actually ended up
doing some back-to-back EVAs.

00:42:21.300.00:42:25.033
I think that really gave us
the feeling that,

00:42:25.033.00:42:26.834
at that time, we were ready.

00:42:26.834.00:42:29.267
Sure, we had some more
simulations to do back

00:42:29.267.00:42:33.234
in Houston
and some more,

00:42:33.234.00:42:35.100
you know,
another month before flight,

00:42:35.100.00:42:38.434
but at that time,
I think we all felt

00:42:38.434.00:42:41.300
that we were confident
that we were going to be there,

00:42:41.300.00:42:43.000
that we had learned
what we had to do

00:42:43.000.00:42:45.167
and that we were ready to fly.

00:42:45.167.00:42:48.367
-There's other
significant milestones.

00:42:48.367.00:42:51.300
We had went to the clean room
at Goddard Space Flight Center.

00:42:51.300.00:42:54.367
We had all the hardware there,
the WFPC, the COSTAR,

00:42:54.367.00:42:58.033
coprocessor,
magnetometers, everything else,

00:42:58.033.00:43:00.968
and it was sort of
like a playroom that you go in

00:43:00.968.00:43:02.667
and work
with the actual hardware

00:43:02.667.00:43:03.901
you're going to work with.

00:43:03.901.00:43:05.000
It's very, very important

00:43:05.000.00:43:06.334
because the mock-ups
in the water tank

00:43:06.334.00:43:08.000
do not reflect
the actual hardware.

00:43:08.000.00:43:09.934
So our familiarity
with the things

00:43:09.934.00:43:11.200
we're going to have to deal
with,

00:43:11.200.00:43:13.033
learning all the mechanisms
and latches

00:43:13.033.00:43:15.667
and our interfaces,

00:43:15.667.00:43:18.601
that's a very, very significant
part of our training,

00:43:18.601.00:43:23.067
but when you talk about
just as a pivotal point,

00:43:23.067.00:43:25.334
when we finally got done,
the last run there,

00:43:25.334.00:43:28.267
we looked around at our room,
and it was empty.

00:43:28.267.00:43:30.701
There was nothing left there,
so we said,

00:43:30.701.00:43:34.400
"Wow. That job is done."

00:43:34.400.00:43:38.033
And then going down to Florida,
we'll go down Sunday

00:43:38.033.00:43:42.667
for interface-verification tests
in which all the hardware

00:43:42.667.00:43:44.067
that Tom mentioned out
in the bay,

00:43:44.067.00:43:46.234
the ORU carriers,
solar-array carriers,

00:43:46.234.00:43:48.601
the Flight Support Structure
and that thing,

00:43:48.601.00:43:50.133
they will be mounted
in the orbiter,

00:43:50.133.00:43:52.100
and we will operate them
from the flight deck

00:43:52.100.00:43:54.634
and the orbiter this Sunday.

00:43:54.634.00:43:56.000
So going down to Florida

00:43:56.000.00:43:57.434
and seeing all the hardware
arrive down there,

00:43:57.434.00:43:59.133
that's kind of another
pivotal point,

00:43:59.133.00:44:01.834
and when we leave
interface-verification tests

00:44:01.834.00:44:03.200
this Sunday,

00:44:03.200.00:44:04.767
then we will know
the job is really done,

00:44:04.767.00:44:06.400
and it's time to go fly,

00:44:06.400.00:44:09.634
so there are
milestones like that.

00:44:11.601.00:44:13.868
-Okay, we're going to go
to the other centers now.

00:44:13.868.00:44:18.467
We'll start by going to the
Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

00:44:18.467.00:44:19.901
-Yeah, hi, Bill Harwood
with CBS.

00:44:19.901.00:44:22.300
I have several questions.

00:44:22.300.00:44:23.968
For training, and I don't know
who can answer this,

00:44:23.968.00:44:26.267
I was curious
if anybody had a ballpark idea

00:44:26.267.00:44:28.234
of the total hours
you spent training

00:44:28.234.00:44:31.901
and the total hours
of WETF work for the EVA folks.

00:44:31.901.00:44:33.100
And the third part of that is,

00:44:33.100.00:44:35.634
what's normal
for an EVA mission?

00:44:35.634.00:44:38.801
If somebody could put
some numbers on that.

00:44:44.968.00:44:47.400
-Tom, can you compare it
to what y'all did for 49?

00:44:47.400.00:44:54.868
-I think on 49 that that was
something over 200 hours

00:44:54.868.00:44:57.434
compared to 400 hours
of WETF time,

00:44:57.434.00:44:59.701
so it's almost a factor of twice

00:44:59.701.00:45:01.934
as many
for this flight as STS-49.

00:45:01.934.00:45:04.968
Of course, that's not really
comparing apples and apples

00:45:04.968.00:45:09.033
because, on STS-49,
we basically had two tasks.

00:45:09.033.00:45:12.234
We had the Intelsat EVA,
and then we had the ASEM task

00:45:12.234.00:45:13.767
where, on this mission,

00:45:13.767.00:45:17.901
we actually have 5 different
EVA days of unique tasks to do.

00:45:17.901.00:45:22.701
But bottom line is,
in a year's training,

00:45:22.701.00:45:25.434
we ended up with significantly
more time in the water

00:45:25.434.00:45:29.300
on this mission, both teams,
than we did on STS-49,

00:45:29.300.00:45:31.467
and I really don't know
the answer to how much total

00:45:31.467.00:45:34.200
training time that we've put in.

00:45:34.200.00:45:36.968
It seems like the last couple
of months

00:45:36.968.00:45:39.534
that that's what
we've been doing,

00:45:39.534.00:45:44.033
12-plus hours a day. and I guess
one of the pivotal points,

00:45:44.033.00:45:46.934
I think for me, on the training
is going to be when we launch.

00:45:46.934.00:45:48.767
Then we'll know it's over.

00:45:48.767.00:45:50.234
We're going to go do it.

00:45:50.234.00:45:56.801
-If I could comment
on the overall training load.

00:45:56.801.00:46:00.667
to put in perspective of
a normal Space Shuttle flight,

00:46:00.667.00:46:03.000
we try to name the crew
12 months before flight.

00:46:03.000.00:46:06.601
They begin their training
9 months before flight

00:46:06.601.00:46:12.501
with intensity beginning
at 6 months before flight.

00:46:12.501.00:46:16.300
This crew, the first crew member
was named over a year

00:46:16.300.00:46:18.133
and a half ago,
and it was Story.

00:46:18.133.00:46:24.133
The other EVA crew members
were named a year ago in August,

00:46:24.133.00:46:28.200
and basically from that time
they were assigned,

00:46:28.200.00:46:30.934
this has been the total focus
of their activity

00:46:30.934.00:46:32.934
is preparing for this mission.

00:46:32.934.00:46:34.467
It's not all training.

00:46:34.467.00:46:38.000
There's a lot of other aspects
of preparing for the mission.

00:46:38.000.00:46:41.734
The remainder of the crew
was named in December,

00:46:41.734.00:46:46.367
and we started formal training
1 month later in January.

00:46:46.367.00:46:49.734
and that was earlier
than normal.

00:46:49.734.00:46:51.067
That had to do with the fact

00:46:51.067.00:46:53.667
that there was
an additional load

00:46:53.667.00:46:58.300
because of the training required
for RMS operations, rendezvous,

00:46:58.300.00:47:01.567
and in my mind also,

00:47:01.567.00:47:05.033
starting early was going to be
able to accommodate things

00:47:05.033.00:47:08.334
that were not part of a formal
training plan but evolved,

00:47:08.334.00:47:13.667
and specifically, the Marshall
Space Flight Center's

00:47:13.667.00:47:16.400
Neutral Buoyancy Simulator

00:47:16.400.00:47:19.968
made upgrades to their
Remote Manipulator System,

00:47:19.968.00:47:24.934
and those upgrades were in place
for the October

00:47:24.934.00:47:26.434
runs that were done there.

00:47:26.434.00:47:32.467
That allowed Claude and Sox
to spend entire EVA runs over

00:47:32.467.00:47:36.567
there operating the RMS in
the most realistic environment

00:47:36.567.00:47:42.634
that we have for training
RMS-EVA-integrated operations.

00:47:42.634.00:47:44.534
That wasn't part
of their training plan.

00:47:44.534.00:47:47.400
That was something that we were
able to accommodate

00:47:47.400.00:47:51.067
and to achieve
and achieve invaluable training

00:47:51.067.00:47:53.801
because of where we started
the rest of the training.

00:47:53.801.00:47:55.834
Probably the one area
that you could pinpoint

00:47:55.834.00:47:59.334
that has more training

00:47:59.334.00:48:02.234
than other flights is
the integrated simulation,

00:48:02.234.00:48:04.467
the Joint Integrated
Simulation area.

00:48:04.467.00:48:12.367
We simulated almost every
flight day for this mission

00:48:12.367.00:48:15.734
in some form or fashion,
except for our day off

00:48:15.734.00:48:18.701
is about the only one
that we didn't simulate,

00:48:18.701.00:48:22.601
and many of those days
we simulated more than once.

00:48:22.601.00:48:25.033
That is extraordinary when you
consider the fact

00:48:25.033.00:48:28.334
that the mission
is 11 days long.

00:48:28.334.00:48:31.701
-Thank you, and for Story,
dumb question here --

00:48:31.701.00:48:34.901
What is the contingency
if the FSS fails to rotate

00:48:34.901.00:48:36.200
or fails to tilt?

00:48:36.200.00:48:37.667
I mean, can you guys go
crank it around

00:48:37.667.00:48:39.868
or do whatever
you have to manually?

00:48:39.868.00:48:41.300
-Yes, we can, Bill.

00:48:41.300.00:48:44.434
Those are basically
very simple tasks to undo.

00:48:44.434.00:48:47.067
We can undo the launch lock
that holds the table down.

00:48:47.067.00:48:51.000
We can pivot it up, and we have
what's called a post

00:48:51.000.00:48:54.100
that we can install to keep it
in one of two positions,

00:48:54.100.00:48:56.300
and we can also
rotate it manually.

00:48:56.300.00:48:57.934
Those tasks are quite simple.

00:48:57.934.00:49:01.934
In general, it's put our
power tool on a 7/16-inch bolt.

00:49:01.934.00:49:03.434
One of them
releases the mechanism,

00:49:03.434.00:49:05.868
and the other turns it.

00:49:05.868.00:49:08.868
Throughout
the Flight Support Structure,

00:49:08.868.00:49:11.501
the carriers and the telescope,

00:49:11.501.00:49:13.767
there are backup
contingency ways

00:49:13.767.00:49:17.133
of getting their
normal functions done.

00:49:17.133.00:49:18.701
-Thanks, and I have just
one more question,

00:49:18.701.00:49:21.701
but it's got two parts
and one for Jeff Hoffman

00:49:21.701.00:49:24.534
and one for Commander Covey.

00:49:24.534.00:49:26.067
Jeff, you've done
this a million times,

00:49:26.067.00:49:28.667
but if you do it one more time,
I'm trying to get a feel

00:49:28.667.00:49:31.167
for how you folks view
the importance

00:49:31.167.00:49:33.834
of fixing Hubble to astronomy,
to American astronomy

00:49:33.834.00:49:37.067
and to big science
in the United States?

00:49:37.067.00:49:40.501
And for Commander Covey,
I was looking for a similar kind

00:49:40.501.00:49:43.067
of philosophical look
at the importance

00:49:43.067.00:49:46.234
of this mission to NASA,
fixing Hubble and showing

00:49:46.234.00:49:48.634
you can demonstrate
on-orbit servicing.

00:49:51.634.00:49:56.167
-Astronomy has entered a new era
in the Space Age,

00:49:56.167.00:49:57.534
and the Hubble Telescope

00:49:57.534.00:49:59.634
is really the culmination
of this.

00:49:59.634.00:50:02.968
It's, of course, one of NASA's
great observatories.

00:50:02.968.00:50:08.100
It's the premier observatory
of the last part of this century

00:50:08.100.00:50:11.200
and the first part
of the next century.

00:50:11.200.00:50:15.367
Despite the incredible advances
in ground-based astronomy,

00:50:15.367.00:50:19.968
there are things that nothing
else will be able to do better

00:50:19.968.00:50:22.300
than the Hubble Space Telescope

00:50:22.300.00:50:24.767
until we have observatories
on the Moon,

00:50:24.767.00:50:28.133
and so it's incredibly important
for the future

00:50:28.133.00:50:31.467
of the astronomical community.

00:50:31.467.00:50:37.000
So much can come out of a
repaired Hubble Telescope.

00:50:37.000.00:50:40.200
So much has gone
into the project,

00:50:40.200.00:50:43.300
and, of course,
the astronomical importance.

00:50:43.300.00:50:47.701
I think one of
the very gratifying things

00:50:47.701.00:50:51.400
for astronomers
is the incredible

00:50:51.400.00:50:53.701
public interest
in the Hubble Space Telescope,

00:50:53.701.00:50:56.701
which is extraordinary
when you consider this

00:50:56.701.00:50:59.200
is a pure scientific endeavor,

00:50:59.200.00:51:02.200
and yet,
from the very beginning,

00:51:02.200.00:51:03.801
somehow the Hubble Telescope

00:51:03.801.00:51:05.501
has caught the public's
imagination,

00:51:05.501.00:51:09.968
I think, because some
of the astronomical questions

00:51:09.968.00:51:12.300
which the Hubble Space Telescope
is able to solve,

00:51:12.300.00:51:17.200
like the origins of the Universe
as we know it,

00:51:17.200.00:51:20.400
the search for other
planetary systems,

00:51:20.400.00:51:24.667
the discovery of black holes
in other galaxies,

00:51:24.667.00:51:28.434
so many things which somehow,
at a very deep level,

00:51:28.434.00:51:30.634
excite people's imagination.

00:51:30.634.00:51:33.067
We're just on the verge
of being able

00:51:33.067.00:51:34.567
to answer some
of these questions,

00:51:34.567.00:51:37.701
and hopefully after we get
the Hubble back into perfect

00:51:37.701.00:51:39.868
working order,
we'll be able to answer them.

00:51:39.868.00:51:41.267
So it's not
just for astronomers.

00:51:41.267.00:51:45.234
I think it's for
our entire culture.

00:51:45.234.00:51:49.334
Our entire civilization
is interested in this.

00:51:51.801.00:51:55.033
-On the second part
of your question, Bill,

00:51:55.033.00:51:58.267
we've been told this mission
is very important for NASA.

00:51:58.267.00:52:03.701
I'm being told that
from a variety of sources,

00:52:03.701.00:52:05.634
and I feel that
it is an important mission,

00:52:05.634.00:52:08.367
but every Space Shuttle flight
we fly is important

00:52:08.367.00:52:11.234
for one reason or another.

00:52:11.234.00:52:17.167
This mission though probably has
some singular importance

00:52:17.167.00:52:21.200
in the fact
that the Hubble Space Telescope,

00:52:21.200.00:52:26.334
when deployed and had
the spherical aberration,

00:52:26.334.00:52:30.501
that was an embarrassment
to the agency,

00:52:30.501.00:52:32.767
and the agency has found a way

00:52:32.767.00:52:36.701
to work its way back
out of that embarrassment.

00:52:36.701.00:52:39.167
The other side of that is that
the Hubble Space Telescope

00:52:39.167.00:52:42.100
has been performing
incredibly well

00:52:42.100.00:52:46.234
and returning
magnificent science

00:52:46.234.00:52:52.434
and making discoveries even
with the spherical aberration.

00:52:52.434.00:52:55.767
The fact that the telescope
was designed to be serviced

00:52:55.767.00:52:57.300
and repaired in orbit

00:52:57.300.00:53:00.801
probably lends to the real
importance of this mission

00:53:00.801.00:53:05.667
from the standpoint of,
can NASA design spacecraft?

00:53:05.667.00:53:08.667
Can we design and operate
spacecraft that can remain

00:53:08.667.00:53:12.334
in orbit for a period of time
and be serviced?

00:53:12.334.00:53:14.901
You could take that

00:53:14.901.00:53:17.434
as a parallel
to space-station operations.

00:53:17.434.00:53:21.634
Can you maintain and service
a space station?

00:53:21.634.00:53:24.934
We may be a forerunner
of some of the techniques

00:53:24.934.00:53:27.767
and the ideas of servicing
that may be required

00:53:27.767.00:53:30.467
for a space station.

00:53:30.467.00:53:36.200
I think all of us on the crew
recognize that success

00:53:36.200.00:53:39.534
on this mission
is very important to NASA

00:53:39.534.00:53:41.601
and to our science community.

00:53:41.601.00:53:45.601
We feel that,
because of the importance of it,

00:53:45.601.00:53:48.167
there is some additional
pressure to perform,

00:53:48.167.00:53:51.601
but the real performance
issue for the crew

00:53:51.601.00:53:54.767
is self-motivation
and self-driven.

00:53:54.767.00:53:57.133
It comes from the fact that
we've been asked to do a job

00:53:57.133.00:53:58.734
that we want to go do,

00:53:58.734.00:54:02.167
and we're going to do our
very best job no matter what,

00:54:02.167.00:54:09.167
and so we play down
the importance to the agency

00:54:09.167.00:54:11.734
in the fact
that the importance is

00:54:11.734.00:54:15.634
just to do our job
the best we can.

00:54:15.634.00:54:17.767
-This is Pat Duggins,
WMFE Radio.

00:54:17.767.00:54:19.067
Along those same lines,

00:54:19.067.00:54:21.467
and I guess Story Musgrave
or Jeff Hoffman

00:54:21.467.00:54:23.734
could address this,
there's a small

00:54:23.734.00:54:26.000
but reasonably vocal group
of scientists,

00:54:26.000.00:54:27.467
I guess you could call them
the "bird in the hand

00:54:27.467.00:54:30.367
is worth two in the bush" crowd,
who seem to think that,

00:54:30.367.00:54:32.367
on Hubble,
they're getting good science now

00:54:32.367.00:54:34.868
and if a group of astronauts,
no matter how well-trained

00:54:34.868.00:54:37.734
and how well-intentioned,
start working with that optics,

00:54:37.734.00:54:39.167
they're liable
to damage something,

00:54:39.167.00:54:40.367
and then they'd be
in a worse shape

00:54:40.367.00:54:42.868
than they were
when Hubble first went up.

00:54:42.868.00:54:44.901
Reasonably speaking,
how much reassurance

00:54:44.901.00:54:47.467
can you give them that,
when all is said and done,

00:54:47.467.00:54:49.701
Hubble won't be any worse off
than it is now?

00:54:53.968.00:54:58.133
-Let me go back to the point
I made at the beginning.

00:54:58.133.00:55:02.234
In order of importance,
before fixing anything,

00:55:02.234.00:55:04.501
make sure that we don't
break something

00:55:04.501.00:55:07.934
that isn't already broken,
and we are constantly

00:55:07.934.00:55:10.234
going to be looking
over each other's shoulders.

00:55:10.234.00:55:12.701
You're going to hear us talking,

00:55:12.701.00:55:15.934
narrating every step
that we're taking so that,

00:55:15.934.00:55:20.567
in case we may forget something,
somebody inside will catch it,

00:55:20.567.00:55:22.901
or somebody on the ground
will catch it.

00:55:22.901.00:55:26.200
We're going to be documenting
everything we're doing.

00:55:26.200.00:55:28.834
We're going to be moving slowly.

00:55:28.834.00:55:32.400
We have had extensive
discussions with the people

00:55:32.400.00:55:34.834
who know the hardware best about

00:55:34.834.00:55:38.200
where the most
delicate operations are.

00:55:38.200.00:55:41.534
What are the delicate pieces
of hardware

00:55:41.534.00:55:44.000
which we have to be
especially careful of?

00:55:44.000.00:55:50.367
Quality control is going
to be foremost in our minds,

00:55:50.367.00:55:54.467
and we're not
going to forget that.

00:55:54.467.00:55:56.067
There's no question.

00:55:56.067.00:56:01.300
Anytime we go near to a complex
piece of machinery like this,

00:56:01.300.00:56:04.133
we are taking
a calculated risk,

00:56:04.133.00:56:08.667
and, you know, we accept that.

00:56:08.667.00:56:10.300
The Shuttle project
accepts it.

00:56:10.300.00:56:14.067
The Hubble Telescope
project accepts it,

00:56:14.067.00:56:16.300
and to put it in perspective,
you know,

00:56:16.300.00:56:20.501
I should say it is true
that the Hubble Telescope

00:56:20.501.00:56:27.367
as it presently exists
is doing first-class science

00:56:27.367.00:56:33.734
and could continue to carry on
doing first-class science.

00:56:33.734.00:56:37.934
But unless we make
these repairs,

00:56:37.934.00:56:40.501
it will not fulfill
the dream of the people

00:56:40.501.00:56:44.934
who spent so much time
developing this equipment.

00:56:44.934.00:56:46.467
In its present condition,

00:56:46.467.00:56:49.234
it can't take us out
to the edge of the universe.

00:56:49.234.00:56:52.000
It can't take us back
to the beginning of time.

00:56:52.000.00:56:56.601
It's not going to get us
to the point

00:56:56.601.00:56:59.434
where we can get
a real estimate

00:56:59.434.00:57:03.567
of perhaps the number
of stars in our galaxy

00:57:03.567.00:57:05.801
with other planetary systems.

00:57:05.801.00:57:07.367
These philosophical questions,

00:57:07.367.00:57:10.100
which are so important
to humanity,

00:57:10.100.00:57:12.767
are not going to be solved
unless we can go and fix it,

00:57:12.767.00:57:16.300
and so I think
that the very tiny risk,

00:57:16.300.00:57:18.667
which we are doing
our best to minimize,

00:57:18.667.00:57:22.467
that we're not going to hurt
anything, is worth taking

00:57:22.467.00:57:25.067
because the reward is so great.

00:57:25.067.00:57:27.567
-And improvement of science
is the one thing,

00:57:27.567.00:57:30.067
but restoring a redundancy

00:57:30.067.00:57:33.300
and guaranteeing the health
of Hubble for another

00:57:33.300.00:57:36.901
4. 5. 10 or even 20 years.
the solar arrays,

00:57:36.901.00:57:40.200
due to thermal deformation,
they introduce a jitter that,

00:57:40.200.00:57:43.067
yes, is corrected somewhat
by changes in the software,

00:57:43.067.00:57:45.601
but that requires
an awful lot of memory

00:57:45.601.00:57:47.400
to run that software program,

00:57:47.400.00:57:49.133
and also the structural
deformations,

00:57:49.133.00:57:52.067
you wonder about
structural fatigue eventually,

00:57:52.067.00:57:53.701
so replacing solar arrays

00:57:53.701.00:57:56.868
is important to the health
of the telescope.

00:57:56.868.00:57:59.734
We've lost three out of the six
array gyros,

00:57:59.734.00:58:02.868
which are very important,
actually essential,

00:58:02.868.00:58:05.701
for the health of the telescope
and scientific pointing.

00:58:05.701.00:58:08.267
We've lost three out of six.
It's very important.

00:58:08.267.00:58:11.400
If we lose one more, we're down
to a no-science mode.

00:58:11.400.00:58:14.100
It's very important to restore
that redundancy.

00:58:14.100.00:58:18.267
We are now limited somewhat
by the places in the sky

00:58:18.267.00:58:19.701
that we can point the telescope

00:58:19.701.00:58:23.334
due to a loss of
solar-array-drive electronics.

00:58:23.334.00:58:25.701
We're going to replace that
and get the capability

00:58:25.701.00:58:29.234
to point the telescope
to anywhere in the sky.

00:58:29.234.00:58:32.000
We want to add redundancy
to GHRS,

00:58:32.000.00:58:35.501
our redundancy to that
system there, too.

00:58:35.501.00:58:38.667
The computer has lost roughly
about 50% of its memory.

00:58:38.667.00:58:40.000
When we add the co-processor,

00:58:40.000.00:58:43.000
we'll be back to 100% memory.

00:58:43.000.00:58:46.934
So not only are we trying
to correct the aberration

00:58:46.934.00:58:49.767
and bring the science up
to the original specifications,

00:58:49.767.00:58:51.968
but I think
in terms of redundancy

00:58:51.968.00:58:55.033
and the basic health of
the telescope for another decade

00:58:55.033.00:58:57.968
or more it's very important
that we do what we're doing.

00:59:00.167.00:59:01.567
-This is Sue Bartlett.

00:59:01.567.00:59:06.200
I'd like to follow up
some question just asked.

00:59:06.200.00:59:08.868
How worried are each of you
space walkers?

00:59:08.868.00:59:11.100
Let's have some answer
from each of you,

00:59:11.100.00:59:13.734
that you might accidentally
do something

00:59:13.734.00:59:16.868
that aggravates the problem,
and are you going to be worried

00:59:16.868.00:59:22.567
while you're walking what impact
the wrong move may have on,

00:59:22.567.00:59:25.701
what impact it would have
for NASA's reputation?

00:59:25.701.00:59:28.000
Are these thoughts
going to enter your mind

00:59:28.000.00:59:33.400
while you are working on it,
the consequences?

00:59:33.400.00:59:35.767
-I think that's going to be
foremost on our mind

00:59:35.767.00:59:38.767
all the time we're working
out there, every time we move,

00:59:38.767.00:59:41.801
that we're not going to be
touching something

00:59:41.801.00:59:43.968
or bumping something
that could damage anything.

00:59:43.968.00:59:47.901
That's something in all of our
training, in our WETF runs,

00:59:47.901.00:59:51.033
that we consciously
watch each other and point

00:59:51.033.00:59:53.501
out any time that one of us
is even getting close

00:59:53.501.00:59:55.434
to something
to warn them ahead of time,

00:59:55.434.00:59:58.100
so it's going to be
foremost on our minds,

00:59:58.100.01:00:00.601
something we're always
thinking about.

01:00:00.601.01:00:02.300
-Remember what Kathy
said earlier

01:00:02.300.01:00:04.400
about how slowly
we're going to be moving,

01:00:04.400.01:00:07.667
and you're going to be
watching some of these EVAs

01:00:07.667.01:00:10.534
on television and wondering,

01:00:10.534.01:00:14.067
"What are they doing? You know,
why aren't they moving?"

01:00:14.067.01:00:17.667
And, you know, one reason
we are moving so slow

01:00:17.667.01:00:21.801
is because we want to think
through every move,

01:00:21.801.01:00:25.667
but as far as what will be
going through my mind,

01:00:25.667.01:00:31.334
my experience on critical
operations on previous flights

01:00:31.334.01:00:37.868
is that the focus
on the job is complete.

01:00:37.868.01:00:41.667
I don't expect to have going
through my mind

01:00:41.667.01:00:43.801
what all of the people
on the ground are thinking,

01:00:43.801.01:00:48.801
what impact this has on NASA,
on the astronomical community.

01:00:48.801.01:00:53.000
I expect to be 100% focused
on getting the job done

01:00:53.000.01:00:57.200
and getting it done
safely and correctly.

01:01:00.667.01:01:04.033
-This is Marcia Dunn with the
Associated Press for Claude.

01:01:04.033.01:01:06.334
How much harder
does your job become

01:01:06.334.01:01:09.334
if there are misdeveloped
problems,

01:01:09.334.01:01:12.534
if a joint goes out, if you have
to operate it manually,

01:01:12.534.01:01:13.834
and how do you capture Hubble

01:01:13.834.01:01:17.100
if you don't have
a robot arm to use?

01:01:17.100.01:01:19.334
-Okay, for the first
of your question,

01:01:19.334.01:01:22.734
we trained extensively
the graded modes of operation

01:01:22.734.01:01:25.501
of the arm --
single-joint operation,

01:01:25.501.01:01:29.634
or if we have a failure

01:01:29.634.01:01:31.334
of the slow mode of operation
of the arm,

01:01:31.334.01:01:35.434
we can use the rougher
or coarse modes of the arm,

01:01:35.434.01:01:39.601
so we have trained extensively
so that if we have an arm

01:01:39.601.01:01:42.100
that we have to operate
without computer support

01:01:42.100.01:01:45.434
in single joint mode,
I'm confident that we can do

01:01:45.434.01:01:47.200
as well to capture
the telescope,

01:01:47.200.01:01:52.300
the support of the EVAs and
the release of the telescope.

01:01:52.300.01:01:57.534
Now if the arm fails completely,
if prior to capture we have

01:01:57.534.01:02:00.234
an arm that is completely sick
so that we cannot use it

01:02:00.234.01:02:02.434
in order to grapple
the telescope,

01:02:02.434.01:02:04.033
there are technique
that have been developed

01:02:04.033.01:02:08.567
in order to do a slow approach
to the telescope.

01:02:08.567.01:02:10.000
The telescope
would be approached

01:02:10.000.01:02:12.334
so that it would arrive
in the back of the cargo bay,

01:02:12.334.01:02:14.767
and EVA crew members
would grab it

01:02:14.767.01:02:16.767
and install it on the flat side
of the structure,

01:02:16.767.01:02:18.133
and then the latches
would be commanded

01:02:18.133.01:02:19.434
in the closed position,

01:02:19.434.01:02:23.501
so we have ways
of capturing the telescope

01:02:23.501.01:02:25.334
without the remote
manipulative system,

01:02:25.334.01:02:28.400
although it would be
much more difficult task

01:02:28.400.01:02:31.033
than normally the way
we plan to do it.

01:02:31.033.01:02:33.968
-I guess I'd like to comment
on the last part

01:02:33.968.01:02:35.534
that Claude talked about.

01:02:35.534.01:02:38.167
Sox and I have looked in
some of our simulators

01:02:38.167.01:02:44.300
what it would take to fly up
to the telescope

01:02:44.300.01:02:48.100
using aids that exist
on the telescope itself

01:02:48.100.01:02:50.467
and on the flight
support structure

01:02:50.467.01:02:53.567
and a docking type approach,

01:02:53.567.01:02:56.501
but that's only been
a look by us,

01:02:56.501.01:03:02.300
and we really at this point
have no plan to do that.

01:03:02.300.01:03:05.601
The program has not bought
into any plan of trying

01:03:05.601.01:03:08.133
that type of an approach
to the telescope.

01:03:08.133.01:03:10.300
If the RMS -- I mean,
it's a really bad day

01:03:10.300.01:03:12.267
if the RMS,
when we get into orbit

01:03:12.267.01:03:14.801
and it doesn't have
any of its modes at all,

01:03:14.801.01:03:16.467
and I suspect
that if we get there

01:03:16.467.01:03:19.334
and that happens,
that we'll probably stop,

01:03:19.334.01:03:22.701
and everybody
will talk about it.

01:03:22.701.01:03:25.367
We'll know some of the ideas
that we've thought about

01:03:25.367.01:03:28.734
that might be looked at
in that case to help us do that,

01:03:28.734.01:03:32.834
but right now
there's no plan to do

01:03:32.834.01:03:36.801
a non-RMS-type capture
of the telescope.

01:03:36.801.01:03:41.501
-Would such a capture require
two or three space walkers?

01:03:41.501.01:03:45.234
-We haven't looked at it at all.

01:03:45.234.01:03:47.667
You know, our idea was that

01:03:47.667.01:03:51.000
you could probably do it
with two if you could...

01:03:51.000.01:03:52.834
The biggest problem
is getting the telescope

01:03:52.834.01:03:57.133
to the right place,
flying it, and you know,

01:03:57.133.01:04:00.334
whether you would use
EVA crew members to assist

01:04:00.334.01:04:03.801
and how you would do that.

01:04:03.801.01:04:06.234
We'd have to look at that more.

01:04:06.234.01:04:08.767
-Dave Shayler,
Astro Info Service in England.

01:04:08.767.01:04:11.801
Question for Story
and a follow-up for Claude.

01:04:11.801.01:04:15.834
Story, what work has been done
on looking at the wear

01:04:15.834.01:04:17.334
and tear on the EVA gloves

01:04:17.334.01:04:19.434
since a lot of the work
is hands-on?

01:04:19.434.01:04:24.300
Are you taking spare gloves,
or how are you looking at that?

01:04:24.300.01:04:28.067
-I'd say probably the work that
we've done in the water tank,

01:04:28.067.01:04:30.100
we have a single set
of training gloves

01:04:30.100.01:04:35.267
in which we do 6-hour runs month
after month after month,

01:04:35.267.01:04:38.267
so even looking
when we started developing

01:04:38.267.01:04:41.734
what we called the EMU
for the shuttle program,

01:04:41.734.01:04:43.100
we added the database

01:04:43.100.01:04:45.767
that says how much use
do these gloves get,

01:04:45.767.01:04:48.601
but basically
our training gloves,

01:04:48.601.01:04:52.801
which see hundreds of hours,
they are kind of the lead-in.

01:04:52.801.01:04:55.367
They're the test kind of thing
that you can look

01:04:55.367.01:04:57.033
for wear and tear on.

01:04:57.033.01:04:59.334
Our flight gloves,
the ones we're flying on,

01:04:59.334.01:05:00.834
high-time gloves,

01:05:00.834.01:05:04.701
like, my high-time gloves
only have a total of...

01:05:04.701.01:05:07.067
My flight gloves
have 30 hours on them.

01:05:07.067.01:05:10.334
My backup pair of gloves
only have 25 hours,

01:05:10.334.01:05:15.167
and that time is in a very
clean, protected vacuum chamber.

01:05:15.167.01:05:18.234
My training gloves have hundreds
and hundreds of hours on them,

01:05:18.234.01:05:22.767
so I'd say they don't get
that much severe wear.

01:05:22.767.01:05:26.000
Hubble for the most part
is incredibly friendly.

01:05:26.000.01:05:28.934
It does not take
a lot of hand-intensive work.

01:05:28.934.01:05:33.167
Most of the work is done
with power tools.

01:05:33.167.01:05:37.801
-For Claude, your role is MS 2
and primary RMS operations,

01:05:37.801.01:05:39.868
a milestone for
an European crew member.

01:05:39.868.01:05:44.267
I'm wondering if you could
comment on your future

01:05:44.267.01:05:45.801
of European crew members

01:05:45.801.01:05:50.434
with the Russians coming up
and Europeans and Canadians

01:05:50.434.01:05:53.334
trying to get mission
specialists in Group 14.

01:05:53.334.01:05:54.734
-Okay.

01:05:54.734.01:05:57.000
Well, I must say I feel
privileged to have been selected

01:05:57.000.01:06:00.200
for this mission as an
MS steward and an RMS operator.

01:06:00.200.01:06:03.801
In fact, there was no obligation
by NASA

01:06:03.801.01:06:06.801
on the basis of their agreement
with the European Space Agency

01:06:06.801.01:06:11.801
to have an inside crew member
on board any of the deploy

01:06:11.801.01:06:13.767
or servicing missions
of the Hubble Space Telescope,

01:06:13.767.01:06:16.400
so I really feel
very privileged.

01:06:16.400.01:06:20.701
I think that this whole project
has been a great example

01:06:20.701.01:06:22.267
in the international
cooperation.

01:06:22.267.01:06:24.300
Of course, there have been
other examples,

01:06:24.300.01:06:27.601
like the Spacelab program
and this one now and of course

01:06:27.601.01:06:31.300
other future collaboration
programs with Canada and Japan,

01:06:31.300.01:06:33.267
Russia for the space station,

01:06:33.267.01:06:35.767
but I think things
have been going very smoothly

01:06:35.767.01:06:38.734
in the technical area
and cooperation area,

01:06:38.734.01:06:41.801
and also as far as
the sharing of crew members

01:06:41.801.01:06:44.267
for the servicing mission.

01:06:44.267.01:06:48.133
For the future, of course,
hopefully there will be

01:06:48.133.01:06:50.801
more cooperative ventures
of this nature,

01:06:50.801.01:06:53.367
that is relatively small-scale
cooperative ventures

01:06:53.367.01:06:55.767
like the one we have
on the Hubble Space Telescope

01:06:55.767.01:06:58.534
where the Europeans
contributed 15%

01:06:58.534.01:07:00.400
of the cost
of the telescope

01:07:00.400.01:07:02.400
and contributed
one scientific instrument

01:07:02.400.01:07:06.334
and the solar arrays and had
15% of the telescope time

01:07:06.334.01:07:09.734
for European astronomers,
and beyond that,

01:07:09.734.01:07:11.501
obviously we'll have
the space station.

01:07:11.501.01:07:14.334
Of course, the program has been
reviewed completely,

01:07:14.334.01:07:19.601
and I'm sure that we'll have
mixed crews of various countries

01:07:19.601.01:07:22.033
on board space station
at the end of this decade

01:07:22.033.01:07:25.300
and early next century,
and I'm looking forward to that.

01:07:26.701.01:07:28.400
-This is Rich Dante
with the Orlando Sentinel

01:07:28.400.01:07:29.968
for Story Musgrave.

01:07:29.968.01:07:33.133
If you could explain a little
bit about useful work,

01:07:33.133.01:07:34.934
and is that sort
of your concept,

01:07:34.934.01:07:36.534
or did you steal that
from somebody else,

01:07:36.534.01:07:39.200
and how's it
going to work out there?

01:07:39.200.01:07:41.100
-Well, you'd have to ask
my buddies here

01:07:41.100.01:07:43.400
whether it's my idea or not.

01:07:43.400.01:07:49.033
Useful work is to keep people
working out there to choreograph

01:07:49.033.01:07:52.567
so that you have two people
working all of the time.

01:07:52.567.01:07:54.033
If you look at the total tasks

01:07:54.033.01:07:57.033
that we want to do
on the telescope,

01:07:57.033.01:07:59.434
that adds up
to a certain amount of work,

01:07:59.434.01:08:01.968
a certain amount of time
out there,

01:08:01.968.01:08:03.968
and so you don't like
to have someone

01:08:03.968.01:08:05.701
that is sitting around
not working

01:08:05.701.01:08:09.234
because you're starting
to fall behind.

01:08:09.234.01:08:12.601
So useful work basically means
looking at the total number

01:08:12.601.01:08:14.767
of tasks,
the total number of bolts

01:08:14.767.01:08:17.300
that need to be turned
or connectors made

01:08:17.300.01:08:20.634
or doors opened and closed
and that kind of thing

01:08:20.634.01:08:24.200
and to be sure to the best
of our ability to choreograph

01:08:24.200.01:08:26.934
not only a given task
and two people working on that,

01:08:26.934.01:08:30.834
but to choreograph given days,
the entire days,

01:08:30.834.01:08:32.434
and to be sure that we on board

01:08:32.434.01:08:34.667
have the capability
along with the ground

01:08:34.667.01:08:36.167
that when we get off
the flight plan

01:08:36.167.01:08:38.267
and because of surprises,

01:08:38.267.01:08:39.968
that we're getting
a new kind of base

01:08:39.968.01:08:42.634
that we can be
as efficient as possible

01:08:42.634.01:08:44.334
in terms of our allocation
of tasks

01:08:44.334.01:08:47.267
and keeping people working.

01:08:47.267.01:08:50.367
-For Story
and for Commander Covey,

01:08:50.367.01:08:52.934
is there any concern
on either of yours' part

01:08:52.934.01:08:56.100
first for the payload
in the sense of

01:08:56.100.01:08:58.133
if, for example,
you have to leave in a hurry,

01:08:58.133.01:09:02.067
you have to a de-orbit
the next possible opportunity,

01:09:02.067.01:09:06.467
of having some things in Hubble
sort of out-of-configuration,

01:09:06.467.01:09:08.033
say a door open or some bolts

01:09:08.033.01:09:10.167
loosened for
the next day's work,

01:09:10.167.01:09:12.300
and overnight I guess
some of the tools

01:09:12.300.01:09:14.934
aren't going to be stowed
unlike previous flights

01:09:14.934.01:09:17.234
where everything is put away
after each EVA,

01:09:17.234.01:09:19.534
I guess you're going to leave
some things undone.

01:09:19.534.01:09:21.767
What are your concerns on that?

01:09:21.767.01:09:24.267
-Overnight, everything is saved.

01:09:24.267.01:09:27.901
We put things away, the tools,
on what we call the MFR.

01:09:27.901.01:09:29.367
They're on the RMS.

01:09:29.367.01:09:31.033
They can be jettisoned
and left out there.

01:09:31.033.01:09:36.567
We do save the bay for re-entry
even as an absolute worst case,

01:09:36.567.01:09:39.801
if we had a loss of cabin
pressurization inside,

01:09:39.801.01:09:42.267
we are trained to totally
clean up the bay

01:09:42.267.01:09:44.901
and make the orbiter safe
within 20 minutes.

01:09:44.901.01:09:48.267
That's the specifications
we live to, and in our training,

01:09:48.267.01:09:51.501
we've shown that
we can do that in 12 minutes.

01:09:53.267.01:09:56.968
-I guess my comment on that is
that the overnight condition,

01:09:56.968.01:10:00.100
we're probably in a much safer
configuration than we are

01:10:00.100.01:10:01.834
during the actual EVAs itself.

01:10:01.834.01:10:06.067
It would take more time for us
to get things cleaned up

01:10:06.067.01:10:09.367
and payload bay doors closed
if an EVA was in progress,

01:10:09.367.01:10:10.634
and Story has addressed the fact

01:10:10.634.01:10:15.601
that we can do that
in a specified time.

01:10:15.601.01:10:17.234
-This is Jim Banky
of "Florida Today"

01:10:17.234.01:10:19.701
with a question
for Commander Covey.

01:10:19.701.01:10:22.434
There's been some talk around
here about what your last day,

01:10:22.434.01:10:26.367
last launch attempt might be
before the Christmas holiday,

01:10:26.367.01:10:27.934
and one of the issues
that comes up

01:10:27.934.01:10:29.734
about delaying the mission
into January

01:10:29.734.01:10:32.133
should that become necessary
is that they don't want

01:10:32.133.01:10:35.367
to give you 2 or 3 weeks off
because of your training.

01:10:35.367.01:10:37.467
Would you be comfortable
taking a couple of weeks off,

01:10:37.467.01:10:39.367
the holidays
and then being ready,

01:10:39.367.01:10:43.067
being piqued, ready to go
first week of January?

01:10:43.067.01:10:48.334
-We recognize that the Christmas
holidays were a potential impact

01:10:48.334.01:10:50.000
to our training
if we were to be delayed,

01:10:50.000.01:10:52.400
so we've developed
training plans now

01:10:52.400.01:10:54.667
that will take us
through the holidays

01:10:54.667.01:11:00.400
including training in the week
during and after Christmas,

01:11:00.400.01:11:04.734
and we would be as ready
in January to fly

01:11:04.734.01:11:07.767
as we will be
on the 1st of December.

01:11:07.767.01:11:09.367
-And then sort of related
to that,

01:11:09.367.01:11:12.901
maybe if you don't get
everything done on this mission

01:11:12.901.01:11:17.234
and NASA decides to do
another one in late '94,

01:11:17.234.01:11:20.834
will you guys be
a prime crew for that?

01:11:20.834.01:11:22.968
-Well, there have been various
options that have been looked

01:11:22.968.01:11:24.834
at as to what we'll do

01:11:24.834.01:11:27.767
if we do have
to have another mission

01:11:27.767.01:11:31.467
to finish the work
that's planned for this flight.

01:11:31.467.01:11:34.767
Some of those options,
if it was a quick turnaround,

01:11:34.767.01:11:36.868
would probably dictate
that you would use

01:11:36.868.01:11:39.767
some of the same crew members
if not all.

01:11:39.767.01:11:41.601
The longer the turnaround time,

01:11:41.601.01:11:45.934
then you gain more options
from the crew assignment

01:11:45.934.01:11:48.934
standpoint as to who or which
of the crew members

01:11:48.934.01:11:51.267
you would fly again,
or if you would put

01:11:51.267.01:11:54.234
any additional
crew members into the lineup.

01:11:54.234.01:12:01.234
That would depend on the time
frame between the two flights.

01:12:01.234.01:12:04.300
-This is Dan Billow from WESH-TV
for Commander Covey.

01:12:04.300.01:12:06.901
Would you talk a little bit
about the rendezvous itself,

01:12:06.901.01:12:09.767
the altitude and the amount
of propellant that you have?

01:12:09.767.01:12:13.400
If the rendezvous doesn't go
the way it's supposed to go,

01:12:13.400.01:12:16.400
how much extra propellant
do you have to deal with that?

01:12:16.400.01:12:20.000
At what point would you have
to call things off?

01:12:22.000.01:12:27.200
-Those are hard things
to put a definitive number on.

01:12:27.200.01:12:30.634
The rendezvous itself, this will
be the highest rendezvous

01:12:30.634.01:12:34.000
that we've flown
with the space shuttle.

01:12:34.000.01:12:38.434
To get there with all of
the payload that we are required

01:12:38.434.01:12:42.234
to have to do the servicing
mission means that we load

01:12:42.234.01:12:46.133
all of our propellant tanks up
as full as we can get them,

01:12:46.133.01:12:47.734
both in our overall
maneuvering system

01:12:47.734.01:12:54.801
and our reaction control system,
so we're going with tanks full.

01:12:54.801.01:12:57.067
We do not have a lot of margin

01:12:57.067.01:13:00.934
to accommodate a missed
rendezvous for some reason.

01:13:00.934.01:13:04.100
If we get close to the telescope
and have to break out

01:13:04.100.01:13:09.133
and re-rendezvous
the following day,

01:13:09.133.01:13:12.100
we will start eating
into margins

01:13:12.100.01:13:15.467
that might mean
a shorter mission,

01:13:15.467.01:13:17.734
or we might not even have
the capability

01:13:17.734.01:13:23.701
to do a re-rendezvous
with any capability to do EVAs.

01:13:23.701.01:13:25.367
Hubble is very high.

01:13:25.367.01:13:30.200
Be about 317 nautical miles
when we rendezvous with it.

01:13:30.200.01:13:34.534
We'll insert to an orbit
that's probably

01:13:34.534.01:13:38.567
on the order of 308 miles
by a variable perigee

01:13:38.567.01:13:41.701
depending upon how much phasing
we have to do

01:13:41.701.01:13:46.868
to catch the telescope,
so we'll be going high.

01:13:46.868.01:13:48.400
Going high costs lots of gas

01:13:48.400.01:13:51.200
because you've got to save
enough gas to come back down,

01:13:51.200.01:13:54.434
and in order to protect
all of that,

01:13:54.434.01:13:57.801
we do come up with less
than what we would really like

01:13:57.801.01:14:00.701
to have as far as our capability
to re-rendezvous

01:14:00.701.01:14:04.067
or to try multiple attempts
at a rendezvous.

01:14:04.067.01:14:08.534
We definitely need to be
successful on our first attempt.

01:14:08.534.01:14:09.834
-Okay.

01:14:09.834.01:14:11.400
That's it from
the Kennedy Space Center.

01:14:11.400.01:14:13.200
We're going to go to the
Goddard Space Flight Center now.

01:14:15.968.01:14:21.367
-John Holliman from CNN
for Kathy and Tom.

01:14:21.367.01:14:25.434
All of us on Earth watched you
guys on the Intelsat mission,

01:14:25.434.01:14:28.834
and a question that I have
is how tired are you

01:14:28.834.01:14:32.834
at the end of a long space walk,
and is it physical exhaustion,

01:14:32.834.01:14:35.868
or is it mental exhaustion,
or is it emotional exhaustion?

01:14:35.868.01:14:37.801
What does it feel like
in your body and your brain

01:14:37.801.01:14:39.367
and your heart, I guess,

01:14:39.367.01:14:41.367
as you're coming back in after
one of these long space walks?

01:14:41.367.01:14:44.968
Is there any concern that after
doing two or three of these,

01:14:44.968.01:14:48.000
you guys are going to be
really fatigued out?

01:14:48.000.01:14:50.334
-I found that the fatigue
that I experienced

01:14:50.334.01:14:52.234
was more emotional and mental.

01:14:52.234.01:14:54.601
You're focused completely
on the next task

01:14:54.601.01:14:58.000
you have to do
and on getting the job done.

01:14:58.000.01:15:01.033
I found it physically
less taxing than the water tank,

01:15:01.033.01:15:04.467
so if we can do back-to-back
6- or 7-hour EVAs

01:15:04.467.01:15:06.601
in a water tank,
then to do them in orbit

01:15:06.601.01:15:08.968
should be less
physically taxing.

01:15:08.968.01:15:13.701
It's very fatiguing on the whole
crew to be a part of an EVA.

01:15:13.701.01:15:15.334
The guys inside
are going to be just as tired

01:15:15.334.01:15:17.100
as the guys outside,

01:15:17.100.01:15:19.834
and we'll gauge that
as we go along

01:15:19.834.01:15:21.934
whether we need
to put a day off in there.

01:15:21.934.01:15:26.367
On STS-49, we did two EVAs, took
a day off while we regrouped

01:15:26.367.01:15:29.667
and decided on what the options
were for grabbing Intelsat,

01:15:29.667.01:15:32.000
and then we did two more EVAs,

01:15:32.000.01:15:34.033
both of which
were record-length,

01:15:34.033.01:15:35.767
the longest
and the second-longest EVAs

01:15:35.767.01:15:38.501
that have been done,
and at the end of those,

01:15:38.501.01:15:41.234
I think we were tired,
but we could have done it again

01:15:41.234.01:15:43.934
if we had needed to
the next day.

01:15:43.934.01:15:45.767
Tom did two in a row, so.

01:15:45.767.01:15:49.901
-And the good side
of that for this mission

01:15:49.901.01:15:52.067
compared to the task

01:15:52.067.01:15:55.000
that Kathy and I did
on STS-49 with the ASEM,

01:15:55.000.01:15:58.400
which was primarily
all free-floating,

01:15:58.400.01:16:00.767
very hand-intensive task.

01:16:00.767.01:16:02.868
The tasks we're doing,
as Story mentioned,

01:16:02.868.01:16:04.767
are not that hand-intensive,

01:16:04.767.01:16:06.467
and for the majority
of the time,

01:16:06.467.01:16:09.667
both crew members are in a foot
restraint during the EVAs,

01:16:09.667.01:16:13.033
which makes it
much less fatiguing.

01:16:16.200.01:16:17.901
-Earl Lane with "Newsday"
for Story.

01:16:17.901.01:16:19.634
Do you have
any lingering concerns

01:16:19.634.01:16:21.467
about how well your hands
will hold up

01:16:21.467.01:16:24.133
during these long EVAs
on the temperatures,

01:16:24.133.01:16:28.067
or has the new glove
done the trick?

01:16:28.067.01:16:31.467
-We've done a lot the testing
the result of my frostbite

01:16:31.467.01:16:33.701
in the manned
thermal-vacuum testing,

01:16:33.701.01:16:35.033
that was absolute
the worst case.

01:16:35.033.01:16:36.934
The tools were at minus-130.

01:16:36.934.01:16:38.767
The chamber was at minus-300.

01:16:38.767.01:16:40.801
It was a good test to run,

01:16:40.801.01:16:44.601
but we have improved thermal
an awful lot since then.

01:16:44.601.01:16:48.734
We do not just keep the sun
at the belly of the spaceship.

01:16:48.734.01:16:51.334
We have multiple maneuvers
that we do,

01:16:51.334.01:16:53.000
so we have improved
thermally a lot.

01:16:53.000.01:16:55.334
In terms of the attitude,
we've done other things.

01:16:55.334.01:16:57.334
We have more insulated gloves.

01:16:57.334.01:17:00.100
We have a more insulated
inner comfort glove.

01:17:00.100.01:17:02.367
We've taken the water flow
off of the arms.

01:17:02.367.01:17:06.868
We have additional layers
of undergarments on the arms

01:17:06.868.01:17:09.033
to keep the entire arms warm,

01:17:09.033.01:17:14.501
and we have tested some of
those concepts on STS-51 and 57.

01:17:14.501.01:17:17.567
We've gone back,
and Jeff went back

01:17:17.567.01:17:19.968
and Tom
in the thermal vacuum chamber

01:17:19.968.01:17:22.701
to test some of those fixes
we've done,

01:17:22.701.01:17:25.834
so it's something that
we have to pay attention to.

01:17:25.834.01:17:28.868
It's something we need to
stay very sensitive

01:17:28.868.01:17:31.200
to the temperature in our hands,

01:17:31.200.01:17:33.033
but we have come
an awful long way

01:17:33.033.01:17:35.767
since the worst-case testing
we did earlier,

01:17:35.767.01:17:39.200
and we're not anticipating
any problems.

01:17:44.367.01:17:49.100
-We've heard twice this morning
talk about opening

01:17:49.100.01:17:50.734
the telescope's aperture door

01:17:50.734.01:17:54.334
before you pull away
with the shuttle.

01:17:54.334.01:17:57.267
I'm wondering if there's
any concern about contamination

01:17:57.267.01:18:00.467
of the telescope
from the hydrazine fuel

01:18:00.467.01:18:03.434
that would be burned
during that maneuver.

01:18:03.434.01:18:08.100
-Yes, I can address that in
that the contamination issue

01:18:08.100.01:18:10.634
was a concern.

01:18:10.634.01:18:16.367
It was addressed throughout
the development of the concept

01:18:16.367.01:18:18.701
of opening the aperture door
before we departed,

01:18:18.701.01:18:23.634
and the risk of contamination
was determined to be acceptable

01:18:23.634.01:18:26.400
based upon the fact
that it would be nice to know

01:18:26.400.01:18:29.968
that if the door
was really going to be open,

01:18:29.968.01:18:32.934
the risk trade of the door
not opening

01:18:32.934.01:18:36.300
after we left versus
the contamination fell out

01:18:36.300.01:18:40.167
in a direction that we
don't think there's going to be

01:18:40.167.01:18:42.868
any significant contamination
by the separation

01:18:42.868.01:18:46.400
with the door open.

01:18:46.400.01:18:48.601
-Ann LaLordo from
the Baltimore Sun.

01:18:48.601.01:18:50.367
It doesn't sound like
there's much downtime

01:18:50.367.01:18:53.234
built into your days,
but if there is some time,

01:18:53.234.01:18:56.300
I'd like to know how the crew
intends to spend it,

01:18:56.300.01:18:59.234
to sort of relax from
the pressure of either an EVA

01:18:59.234.01:19:01.901
or just what's going on inside.

01:19:07.300.01:19:09.567
-Well, I guess we haven't
thought about

01:19:09.567.01:19:11.767
how we're going to relax
because during the course

01:19:11.767.01:19:14.367
of the EVAs after they're done,

01:19:14.367.01:19:16.634
all of the work is going to be
directed toward getting ready

01:19:16.634.01:19:20.968
for the next one the next day.

01:19:20.968.01:19:22.868
We may have a little time
to slow down.

01:19:22.868.01:19:26.067
We were talking about the fact
that Earth observations

01:19:26.067.01:19:27.667
on this mission
are not going to be something

01:19:27.667.01:19:29.067
we're going to be able
to do a lot of,

01:19:29.067.01:19:31.334
but I suspect that
for those few times

01:19:31.334.01:19:34.133
when we are able to take a break

01:19:34.133.01:19:37.467
from the preparations
for the next day's activities,

01:19:37.467.01:19:41.133
that that's what people will do,
just take a look.

01:19:41.133.01:19:45.467
300-plus miles
is a magnificent altitude

01:19:45.467.01:19:47.033
to view the Earth from,

01:19:47.033.01:19:49.801
and I'm sure we'll be
taking advantage of that

01:19:49.801.01:19:53.000
on the few times that we get to.

01:19:53.000.01:19:55.834
-John Holliman from CNN one
more time for the EVA folks.

01:19:55.834.01:19:58.367
Bill Dafflin said one of his
worries, maybe his main worry,

01:19:58.367.01:20:01.567
was that on the day that you go
out to roll up the solar panels,

01:20:01.567.01:20:04.734
the old ones,
they don't roll up.

01:20:04.734.01:20:06.501
Several people have said
you've got several options

01:20:06.501.01:20:08.033
of things you can do.

01:20:08.033.01:20:11.968
What can you do if those pesky
solar panels don't work again

01:20:11.968.01:20:14.300
as you try to retract them?

01:20:16.133.01:20:19.367
-One of which is to try
to retract them manually,

01:20:19.367.01:20:20.868
to put our tools on it

01:20:20.868.01:20:24.501
and turn a 7/16-inch bolt
and draw them in manually.

01:20:24.501.01:20:26.133
If they don't retract,

01:20:26.133.01:20:29.834
then our plan is to put
a grapple fixture on them,

01:20:29.834.01:20:33.667
let the arm grab them and hold
them overboard out of our way,

01:20:33.667.01:20:35.868
and we'll install
the new solar arrays

01:20:35.868.01:20:37.100
when theirs are checked out,

01:20:37.100.01:20:38.934
and then we'll jettison
the old ones.

01:20:38.934.01:20:40.434
There's some things
that are kind of

01:20:40.434.01:20:42.501
in between those two options
that we have talked about

01:20:42.501.01:20:44.400
although I'm not sure
the program has bought into

01:20:44.400.01:20:46.901
and that includes
cutting the bi-stems,

01:20:46.901.01:20:48.434
maybe throwing those away,

01:20:48.434.01:20:50.367
but maintaining the blankets
and rolling those in, you know,

01:20:50.367.01:20:52.133
and a number of things
that we have talked about

01:20:52.133.01:20:54.400
amongst the crew
that are maybe possible

01:20:54.400.01:20:57.267
although not necessarily
bought into by the program,

01:20:57.267.01:21:00.934
but our baseline plan is that
if they do not retract enough

01:21:00.934.01:21:02.968
to stow them
on them solar array carrier,

01:21:02.968.01:21:05.300
that we'll take them off
either by hand

01:21:05.300.01:21:10.167
or with the mechanical arm
and throw them overboard.

01:21:10.167.01:21:11.434
-Okay.

01:21:11.434.01:21:12.901
That's it from
the other NASA centers,

01:21:12.901.01:21:15.100
and we're back here
for any final wrap-up questions.

01:21:15.100.01:21:16.400
Mark?

01:21:16.400.01:21:18.868
-This is Mark Rudd of
the Houston Chronicle.

01:21:18.868.01:21:20.300
I have a flight crew question.

01:21:20.300.01:21:24.300
If there is propellant
to re-boost the telescope,

01:21:24.300.01:21:27.334
can you kind of walk through
what you would do to...

01:21:27.334.01:21:30.901
which jets would fire,
and if there's any concern there

01:21:30.901.01:21:35.968
about adding contamination
or forces on the telescope?

01:21:38.667.01:21:44.000
-Yeah, the re-boost is
a pretty critical maneuver.

01:21:44.000.01:21:46.100
We want to be very careful
not to damage the telescope,

01:21:46.100.01:21:47.567
and there's been
a lot of analysis

01:21:47.567.01:21:52.300
done on which jets to use
and exactly how to perform it.

01:21:52.300.01:21:55.234
It basically goes like this --
We tilt the telescope down.

01:21:55.234.01:21:59.667
That orientation should help us
with the loads.

01:21:59.667.01:22:01.167
It'll be sticking out
of the payload bay

01:22:01.167.01:22:03.367
at about a 45-degree angle.

01:22:03.367.01:22:04.567
If you were looking at it
from outside,

01:22:04.567.01:22:07.300
it ought to be
pretty spectacular.

01:22:07.300.01:22:10.334
We should do about two burns
using the forward RCS.

01:22:10.334.01:22:13.901
We hope that that is where we'll
have our margin to do the burns.

01:22:13.901.01:22:16.834
It may be separated by
about 45 minutes

01:22:16.834.01:22:20.667
or so as we burn
at opposite sides of the orbit

01:22:20.667.01:22:25.300
to circularize the telescope
in a nice orbit,

01:22:25.300.01:22:31.267
minimize the decay that could
happen over the next few years.

01:22:31.267.01:22:34.634
-Go ahead, Mark.
-As a follow-up too,

01:22:34.634.01:22:37.067
do you have an Electronic
Still Camera on board

01:22:37.067.01:22:38.801
as part of your equipment,

01:22:38.801.01:22:43.501
and have you done any particular
thinking or planning about using

01:22:43.501.01:22:47.200
that if you needed
to send images down

01:22:47.200.01:22:51.300
to discuss any sort of planning
or contingency,

01:22:51.300.01:22:53.534
and how would you do that?

01:22:53.534.01:22:56.067
Do you just shoot through
the payload bay window?

01:22:56.067.01:22:59.133
Can it go outside
if you needed to,

01:22:59.133.01:23:00.767
or how would you be able
to use that,

01:23:00.767.01:23:03.334
or is it really
of not much value?

01:23:03.334.01:23:05.667
-The Electronic Still Camera
is not EVA-qualified.

01:23:05.667.01:23:06.901
It'll stay in the cabin,

01:23:06.901.01:23:08.767
and as we have used it
on previous flights,

01:23:08.767.01:23:11.434
it's invaluable if you want
to get high-resolution data

01:23:11.434.01:23:13.300
to the ground immediately.

01:23:13.300.01:23:15.234
We're going to have it set up
and plugged in

01:23:15.234.01:23:17.067
in the aft flight deck.

01:23:17.067.01:23:20.100
Our plan calls for lots and lots
of Electronic Still Camera

01:23:20.100.01:23:21.534
pictures.

01:23:21.534.01:23:23.501
At the end of every day,
we will try to down link

01:23:23.501.01:23:25.267
the ones that we think
are most interesting,

01:23:25.267.01:23:28.467
the ones that involve
information the ground

01:23:28.467.01:23:29.868
may want to know

01:23:29.868.01:23:32.267
before we deploy the telescope,
how the areas looked

01:23:32.267.01:23:34.501
when we closed them out,
that sort of thing.

01:23:34.501.01:23:36.834
If we have any kind of problems,
certainly we will take pictures

01:23:36.834.01:23:39.801
and ship them
to the ground immediately.

01:23:39.801.01:23:42.234
-Okay. Do we have
any final questions here?

01:23:42.234.01:23:43.801
Okay.

01:23:43.801.01:23:45.868
If not, I'll end announcing
the briefings this afternoon.

01:23:45.868.01:23:47.467
We're going to break, I guess,
for lunch,

01:23:47.467.01:23:49.501
and then we'll switch
to Goddard,

01:23:49.501.01:23:51.601
and we'll do some mission
overview briefing

01:23:51.601.01:23:54.734
with the HST project folks
from up there,

01:23:54.734.01:23:56.467
and we'll also do
a science briefing,

01:23:56.467.01:23:58.868
a technical presentation
from several other folks

01:23:58.868.01:24:00.501
also following that.

01:24:00.501.01:24:02.434
Again, immediately after
this briefing,

01:24:02.434.01:24:03.767
we're going to replay
the animation

01:24:03.767.01:24:05.634
that Milt Heflin,
who is a lead flight director,

01:24:05.634.01:24:07.901
showed during his briefing
earlier this morning.

01:24:07.901.01:24:09.300
Thank you.