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Reporter: Hubble's newest and final Frontier Field image

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shows us just how vast and crowded our universe is 

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when it looked at just a tiny portion of the sky.

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So what is a galaxy and what kind of super power did Hubble use to

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capture this new image?

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We are joined by Jim Jeletic at NASA's

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Goddard Space Flight Center who's going to show us this new view.

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Thanks for joining us.

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Jim: Thanks for having me.

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Reporter: So start by telling us, what is a galaxy 

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and can you show us what Hubble has seen?

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Jim: Sure, well galaxies are these flat plates

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that have lots of stars, like billions, sometimes trillions

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of stars, gas, and dust and they're all kind of circling

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around a central point.

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And this 27th anniversary image shows you

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two spiral galaxies, one edge on

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on the left and one on the right.

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The one on the right, which is the most face on would 

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take you 450,000 years to get from

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one side to the other.

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one side to the other, if you were traveling

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 at the speed of light.

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The speed of light is 186,000 miles per second.

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So that's why this image of just a small portion of 

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the sky is so incredible.

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Look at all the galaxies there and

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think about how big these things are.

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You see all kinds, you see the spiral galaxies

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like we saw before, you see those elliptical galaxies

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which are those yellowish ones

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that have older

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stars in it.

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And you even see galaxies collitions.

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So it's incredible you can get so many galaxies in one

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part of the sky and infact no matter

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which direction you look in the sky

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your going to see the same thing

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which means there's probably about 2 trillion galaxies

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in the universe or about as many

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galaxies in the universe as there are fish in the sea.

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So there are a lot of galaxies that need guarding.

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Reporter: What superpower did Hubble use

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to see these faint and distance galaxies

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in the new image?

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Jim: Well mother nature provides a 

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common magnifying glass capability

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and it uses something called gravitational lensing.

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Where if you put an object

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of heavy mass and sprinkle in some dark matter

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it will bend and warp space

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in such that the light will be magnified 

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and brightened and warped around

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that big object so you can see it.

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So in this case here that

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dragon type thing you see in the center of the screen

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that's actually 5 images

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of the same galaxy mirrored

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right next to each other.

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And then in this other case we're going to see

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these really really small

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faint red galaxies

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that who's light it took

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600 million years that it was born.

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So we wouldn't be able to see

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this without this gravitational lens capability.

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So it really provides us new capability where by Hubble

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can look into the magnifying glass of nature 

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and see even further into space then we would have been see otherwise.

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Reporter: Now you mention dark matter

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that sounds like something a villain might use.

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How do missions like Hubble help us learn about

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one of natures biggest secrets?

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Jim: Well dark matter is this really exoctic stuff

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and we don't know what it is

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we can't see it because it doesn't give out

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any light but it takes over 80%

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of all the matter in the universe

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What we can do is we can see effects that it has

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do to its gravity and we can map those

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effects and that's what you're seeing here with the blue

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we're mapping where we believe the dark matter is

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by how it distorts 

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the light from background galaxies

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but we also then can take a look at

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galaxies themselves because

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dark matter is the glue that holds

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galaxies together

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and makes them spin the way they do

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so if we study galaxies as well

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hopefully we can learn a little bit more about

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this dark matter and maybe someday even figure out

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how we can detect it directly as opposed 

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to just by seeing it by its gravitational pull on other things.

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Reporter: Now Hubble just celebrated 

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its 27th birthday, what's next for the

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famous space telescope?

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Jim: Well Hubble is at the peak of its scientific capability

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and still has redundancy in all its critical systems

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so we're really hopeful we can get it

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to continue to make ground breaking observations

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well into the next decade and that's

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due to all of the servicing missions

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and where the astronauts went up and they

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worked on Hubble upgrading it and repair it.

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But what we are really excited about is

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the James Webb Space Telescope

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and James Webb is going to see

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the infered light, much further into the infered

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part of the spectrum so

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if you think looking at a visible light like the Sombrero galaxy

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here the picture that Hubble took

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it will be able to take a look at

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infered light so we can see

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these different objects in different

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wavelengths and it tells us a lot more information

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about it. So we're really excited

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James Webb and it's due to launch at the end of 2018.

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Reporter: Where can we see more of Hubble's

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beautiful images like the new one you just released? 

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Jim: Well if you want images, if you want videos

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if you want to see what are the biggest discoveries

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Hubble's ever made, if you want to learn about

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the telescope, you go to nasa.gov/hubble

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or you can follow us on Twitter

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@nasahubble

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