1 00:00:00,010 --> 00:00:04,050 [silent] 2 00:00:04,070 --> 00:00:08,100 [silent] 3 00:00:08,120 --> 00:00:12,180 [music, birds chirping] 4 00:00:12,200 --> 00:00:16,370 [music, birds chirping] 5 00:00:16,390 --> 00:00:20,440 6 00:00:20,460 --> 00:00:24,550 As the 7 00:00:24,570 --> 00:00:28,720 sun rises over the Guiana Space Center, the team conducts final checks 8 00:00:28,740 --> 00:00:32,910 on the health and status of the Ariane V rocket and its payload. 9 00:00:32,930 --> 00:00:36,970 ...the James Webb Space Telescope. 10 00:00:36,990 --> 00:00:41,080 NASA's number one science priority. 11 00:00:41,100 --> 00:00:45,280 12 00:00:45,300 --> 00:00:49,340 [music] 13 00:00:49,360 --> 00:00:53,470 14 00:00:53,490 --> 00:00:53,590 15 00:00:53,610 --> 00:00:57,810 The WEbb Telescope is designed to look back to 16 00:00:57,830 --> 00:01:01,880 a time when stars and galaxies were first forming, over 17 00:01:01,900 --> 00:01:06,010 13.5 billion years ago. With its revolutionary design, 18 00:01:06,030 --> 00:01:10,310 and capabilities, the Webb Telescope is about to unleash a new dawn 19 00:01:10,330 --> 00:01:14,520 of discovery. 20 00:01:14,540 --> 00:01:18,620 21 00:01:18,640 --> 00:01:22,760 Launch count down: 10, 9, 8 22 00:01:22,780 --> 00:01:26,810 seconds before liftoff the Ariane V's 23 00:01:26,830 --> 00:01:30,890 liquid fueled engine comes to full power 24 00:01:30,910 --> 00:01:34,940 followed by the ignition of the two solid rockets, we have 25 00:01:34,960 --> 00:01:39,140 liftoff. 26 00:01:39,160 --> 00:01:43,300 27 00:01:43,320 --> 00:01:47,530 28 00:01:47,550 --> 00:01:51,650 The Webb Telescope is finally on it's way, the result of years 29 00:01:51,670 --> 00:01:56,030 of study and development by thousands of team members in the United States 30 00:01:56,050 --> 00:02:00,200 Canada, and Europe. Webb's spacecraft 31 00:02:00,220 --> 00:02:04,270 ascends nearly vertically through the heavy lower atmosphere of Earth. 32 00:02:04,290 --> 00:02:08,330 33 00:02:08,350 --> 00:02:12,480 As the rocket reaches maximum acceleration, the spent solid rocket motors 34 00:02:12,500 --> 00:02:16,660 are jettisoned safely into the Atlantic ocean. 35 00:02:16,680 --> 00:02:20,850 reaching the upper atmosphere where protection is no longer needed, the payload faring 36 00:02:20,870 --> 00:02:24,940 is jettisoned and falls away. 37 00:02:24,960 --> 00:02:29,120 Accelerating through the atmosphere , the Ariane V 38 00:02:29,140 --> 00:02:33,190 rocket's first first stage expends its fuel and shuts down 39 00:02:33,210 --> 00:02:37,330 The empty first stage 40 00:02:37,350 --> 00:02:41,440 then separates from the upper stage 41 00:02:41,460 --> 00:02:45,590 after first stage separation and before second stage ignition 42 00:02:45,610 --> 00:02:49,670 the Webb Telescope has a slightly downward trajectory 43 00:02:49,690 --> 00:02:53,700 as it speeds over the Atlantic ocean, the upper stage motor 44 00:02:53,720 --> 00:02:57,860 ignites and the accent to L-2 resumes, never again to 45 00:02:57,880 --> 00:03:02,060 be interupted. 46 00:03:02,080 --> 00:03:06,170 The exposed telescope is delicate, and must be protected from 47 00:03:06,190 --> 00:03:10,360 the sun's fierce heat, to avoid over-heating and damage 48 00:03:10,380 --> 00:03:14,600 a carefully designed series of oscillations are performed that provide the 49 00:03:14,620 --> 00:03:18,660 necessary protection. Near the end of powered 50 00:03:18,680 --> 00:03:22,820 flight, the roll program stops and the launcher then assumes the proper attitude for 51 00:03:22,840 --> 00:03:27,010 separation. 52 00:03:27,030 --> 00:03:31,090 53 00:03:31,110 --> 00:03:35,150 After separation from the Ariane upper stage, the Webb Telescope 54 00:03:35,170 --> 00:03:39,370 continues it's journy to L-2 under it's own power. 55 00:03:39,390 --> 00:03:43,430 Taking the next step to its final orbital station, 1 million miles from Earth. 56 00:03:43,450 --> 00:03:47,560 57 00:03:47,580 --> 00:03:51,760 The WEbb Telescope is about to 58 00:03:51,780 --> 00:03:55,810 unleash a new dawn of discovery 59 00:03:55,830 --> 00:03:59,870 60 00:03:59,890 --> 00:04:04,060 61 00:04:04,080 --> 00:04:08,080 62 00:04:08,100 --> 00:04:12,250 63 00:04:12,270 --> 00:04:16,310 Teh Webb Telescope separates from the launcher second stage 64 00:04:16,330 --> 00:04:20,510 The white ring close to the Earth represents the Hubble Space Telescope's orbit 65 00:04:20,530 --> 00:04:24,670 And the larger orbit is the geo-synchronous orbit where more telescommunication 66 00:04:24,690 --> 00:04:28,750 satellites are located. The solar array is Webb's first deployment 67 00:04:28,770 --> 00:04:28,890 68 00:04:28,910 --> 00:04:33,020 When completed, all of Webb's electrical power needs are satified by the solar array 69 00:04:33,040 --> 00:04:37,070 for the remainder of the mission. The onboard control system 70 00:04:37,090 --> 00:04:41,110 continually monitors and updates the attitude to ensure power generation and thermal safety 71 00:04:41,130 --> 00:04:45,240 To preserve the cleanliness of the mirros, 72 00:04:45,260 --> 00:04:49,420 thrusters are located only on the sunlit side of the observatory. 73 00:04:49,440 --> 00:04:53,500 The trajectory is designed without employing a retro-fire 74 00:04:53,520 --> 00:04:57,650 which necessitates pointing the delicate telescope at the sun. 75 00:04:57,670 --> 00:05:01,810 If course corrections are needed, these velocity 76 00:05:01,830 --> 00:05:05,880 additions must be done early in the flight to most efficiently use the 77 00:05:05,900 --> 00:05:09,970 mission's limited, precious fuel. 78 00:05:09,990 --> 00:05:14,080 After completing mid-course correction, 79 00:05:14,100 --> 00:05:18,230 the Webb Telescope passes the orbit of the moon 80 00:05:18,250 --> 00:05:22,420 81 00:05:22,440 --> 00:05:26,450 82 00:05:26,470 --> 00:05:30,590 83 00:05:30,610 --> 00:05:34,730 Webb's 84 00:05:34,750 --> 00:05:38,930 initial transformation, is the deployment of the sunshield pallets 85 00:05:38,950 --> 00:05:43,020 86 00:05:43,040 --> 00:05:47,040 87 00:05:47,060 --> 00:05:51,120 88 00:05:51,140 --> 00:05:55,180 89 00:05:55,200 --> 00:05:59,260 90 00:05:59,280 --> 00:06:03,360 91 00:06:03,380 --> 00:06:07,440 The tower separating the telescope and instruments from the spacecraft and sunshield is next, 92 00:06:07,460 --> 00:06:11,580 93 00:06:11,600 --> 00:06:15,680 Next, the aft 94 00:06:15,700 --> 00:06:19,810 falp deploys. This is key to managing momentum build-up 95 00:06:19,830 --> 00:06:24,000 and fuel consumption. This structure helps to balance the pressure 96 00:06:24,020 --> 00:06:28,180 from the sun's light on the Webb Telescope around its center of mass. 97 00:06:28,200 --> 00:06:32,280 After the sunshield pallets reach their final 98 00:06:32,300 --> 00:06:36,420 positions, the membrane launch restraints are released. 99 00:06:36,440 --> 00:06:40,620 These have kept the sunshield membrane safely in place from final stowage 100 00:06:40,640 --> 00:06:44,780 at the Norhrop Grumman facility in California through shipment and launch. 101 00:06:44,800 --> 00:06:48,790 102 00:06:48,810 --> 00:06:52,900 The sunshield protective covers roll back, permitting membrane deployment. 103 00:06:52,920 --> 00:06:53,020 104 00:06:53,040 --> 00:06:57,220 105 00:06:57,240 --> 00:07:01,250 The 106 00:07:01,270 --> 00:07:05,400 covers over the core region release next 107 00:07:05,420 --> 00:07:09,600 Then the mid-booms 108 00:07:09,620 --> 00:07:13,690 extend and the sunshield assumes its hexagonal, tennis court size 109 00:07:13,710 --> 00:07:13,810 shape 110 00:07:13,830 --> 00:07:17,960 shape 111 00:07:17,980 --> 00:07:22,170 112 00:07:22,190 --> 00:07:26,270 113 00:07:26,290 --> 00:07:30,400 114 00:07:30,420 --> 00:07:34,550 115 00:07:34,570 --> 00:07:38,730 It is now time to tension the 116 00:07:38,750 --> 00:07:42,860 sunshield membranes. Each thinner than a human hair. 117 00:07:42,880 --> 00:07:47,070 Pulling each of the uniquely sized and shaped layers to their optimal position 118 00:07:47,090 --> 00:07:51,120 when deployed, the sunshield allows the telescope to cool down 119 00:07:51,140 --> 00:07:55,230 to -385 degrees fahrenheit 120 00:07:55,250 --> 00:07:59,390 cold enough to liquify air. While the layer closest to the sun is almost 121 00:07:59,410 --> 00:08:03,570 190 degrees fahrenhiet above zero, nearly the boiling point of water, 122 00:08:03,590 --> 00:08:07,600 a difference of almost 600 degrees. 123 00:08:07,620 --> 00:08:11,760 truly fire and ice. Once in the shadow of the 124 00:08:11,780 --> 00:08:15,790 deployed sunshield, the telescope and instruments continue cooling down to their 125 00:08:15,810 --> 00:08:19,990 final operational cryogenic temperatures. 126 00:08:20,010 --> 00:08:24,090 At the completion of membrane tensioning, the secondary mirror 127 00:08:24,110 --> 00:08:28,260 deploys into position and is latched rigidly in place. 128 00:08:28,280 --> 00:08:32,490 The aft deployable radiator releases and springs into 129 00:08:32,510 --> 00:08:36,570 position, allowing the instruments to radiate their waste heat directly into space. 130 00:08:36,590 --> 00:08:40,710 And away from the telescope. Disposing of excess heat is 131 00:08:40,730 --> 00:08:44,900 crucial to the mission so that it does not overwhelm the faint infra red signal 132 00:08:44,920 --> 00:08:49,030 to be collected from the cosmos. The 133 00:08:49,050 --> 00:08:53,160 primary mirror wings deploy and latch in place. Completing the major 134 00:08:53,180 --> 00:08:57,270 deployments of the largest telescope in space. 135 00:08:57,290 --> 00:09:01,390 136 00:09:01,410 --> 00:09:05,560 137 00:09:05,580 --> 00:09:09,760 As the Webb Telescope continues out to its operational orbit around 138 00:09:09,780 --> 00:09:13,890 the sun-Earth L-2, the observatory continues to cool down to its 139 00:09:13,910 --> 00:09:18,050 final cryogenic temperature state 140 00:09:18,070 --> 00:09:22,260 I trajectory correction applied 29 days 141 00:09:22,280 --> 00:09:26,350 after launch, puts the Webb Telescope into its halo orbit. 142 00:09:26,370 --> 00:09:30,440 A key part of the mission design, the 143 00:09:30,460 --> 00:09:34,580 sun-Earth L-2 point is where Webb's orbit around the sun is synchronized 144 00:09:34,600 --> 00:09:38,790 with Earth's. At this point, one million miles 145 00:09:38,810 --> 00:09:42,890 from Earth, Webb is free from the thermal influences of the Earth and 146 00:09:42,910 --> 00:09:46,930 all eclipses. Additionally, the sun, Earth and 147 00:09:46,950 --> 00:09:51,090 moon, the brightest objects in the sky are hidden by the deployed sunshield 148 00:09:51,110 --> 00:09:55,290 giving Webb a dark, cold, and stable environment 149 00:09:55,310 --> 00:09:59,420 to carry out its mission of discovery. 150 00:09:59,440 --> 00:10:03,550 Once the mirrors and detectors are sufficiently cold 151 00:10:03,570 --> 00:10:07,700 the Wave Front Sensing and Control operations can begin. 152 00:10:07,720 --> 00:10:11,900 This sophisticated, multi-step operation's ultimate goal 153 00:10:11,920 --> 00:10:16,040 is to position each of the Webb Telescope's movable mirrors into 154 00:10:16,060 --> 00:10:20,100 their correct, final positions and orientations. 155 00:10:20,120 --> 00:10:24,230 Once the mirrors are aligned, the mission team will continue checking 156 00:10:24,250 --> 00:10:28,420 out the science instruments preparing them for operations. 157 00:10:28,440 --> 00:10:32,620 Commissioning is completed about 160 days after launch. 158 00:10:32,640 --> 00:10:36,680 And the science mission is ready to begin. 159 00:10:36,700 --> 00:10:40,880 This brings to fruition the work of the thousands of members of the 160 00:10:40,900 --> 00:10:45,060 Webb Team. From the United States of America, Canada, and 161 00:10:45,080 --> 00:10:49,150 Europe. Astronomers from all over the world can now 162 00:10:49,170 --> 00:10:53,330 use this facility to study the universe. 163 00:10:53,350 --> 00:10:57,480 NASA's James Webb Space Telescope 164 00:10:57,500 --> 00:11:01,720 is a game changer which will revolutionize mankind's understanding of the universe. 165 00:11:01,740 --> 00:11:05,840 Discoveries made by the 166 00:11:05,860 --> 00:11:10,010 observatory will re-write text books, inspiring the next generation of 167 00:11:10,030 --> 00:11:14,240 future engineers and scientists 168 00:11:14,260 --> 00:11:18,350 this revolutionary tool, will provide mankind with an unprecedented view into the birth 169 00:11:18,370 --> 00:11:22,520 of the first stars and galaxies, unleashing a new dawn 170 00:11:22,540 --> 00:11:26,750 of discovery. 171 00:11:26,770 --> 00:11:30,890 172 00:11:30,910 --> 00:11:34,980 [music] 173 00:11:35,000 --> 00:11:39,150 [music] 174 00:11:39,170 --> 00:11:43,200 [music] 175 00:11:43,220 --> 00:11:47,280 [music] 176 00:11:47,300 --> 00:11:51,350 [music] 177 00:11:51,370 --> 00:11:55,410 [music] 178 00:11:55,430 --> 00:11:59,490 179 00:11:59,510 --> 00:12:00,733