1 00:00:00,020 --> 00:00:04,170 [slate] The Hubble Space Telescope has given us 2 00:00:04,190 --> 00:00:08,220 an amazing new image of deep space. So when you look at 3 00:00:08,240 --> 00:00:12,280 the image you're seeing hundreds, possibly thousands of galaxies 4 00:00:12,300 --> 00:00:16,360 and each of these galaxies can contain billions of stars and perhaps 5 00:00:16,380 --> 00:00:20,470 their planetary systems. So it's quite mind blowing what we're seeing here. 6 00:00:20,490 --> 00:00:24,670 [slate] We're calling this a frontier 7 00:00:24,690 --> 00:00:28,730 field because it's helping us push the frontiers of what we understand 8 00:00:28,750 --> 00:00:32,820 in astrophysics about the universe. This is an image 9 00:00:32,840 --> 00:00:36,940 of a cluster of galaxies. There's so much mass in this cluster 10 00:00:36,960 --> 00:00:41,100 from the galaxies and from the dark matter that we don't actually see 11 00:00:41,120 --> 00:00:45,150 that it can actually distort space itself. This is a phenomenon 12 00:00:45,170 --> 00:00:49,250 that Albert Einstein predicted. And in this case light traveling 13 00:00:49,270 --> 00:00:53,370 through this distorted space will itself get distorted 14 00:00:53,390 --> 00:00:57,580 and magnified. What that means is in this image we can actually see 15 00:00:57,600 --> 00:01:01,630 distant galaxies behind the foreground cluster of galaxies 16 00:01:01,650 --> 00:01:05,720 and the light from those distant galaxies is getting warped. You can see 17 00:01:05,740 --> 00:01:09,830 kind of funny looking arcs in this image. And also magnified 18 00:01:09,850 --> 00:01:14,010 It's helping us understand the dark matter in this foreground cluster 19 00:01:14,030 --> 00:01:18,080 that you can't see itself. But it's also helping us to understand these 20 00:01:18,100 --> 00:01:22,160 very distant galaxies that are being magnified by this effect. 21 00:01:22,180 --> 00:01:26,270 It's so far in space and time that we wouldn't be able to see them well without 22 00:01:26,290 --> 00:01:30,310 gravitational lensing. [slate] 23 00:01:30,330 --> 00:01:34,460 Well the Hubble Space Telescope 24 00:01:34,480 --> 00:01:38,620 is helping us understand the universe very distant 25 00:01:38,640 --> 00:01:42,680 and the universe very close. So it's helping us understand these very 26 00:01:42,700 --> 00:01:46,790 distant galaxies such as the frontier fields are showing us, but it's 27 00:01:46,810 --> 00:01:50,930 also helping us understand in our own galaxy these nurseries 28 00:01:50,950 --> 00:01:54,990 where stars and planetary systems are formed. We're looking at these 29 00:01:55,010 --> 00:01:59,040 nebulae that are signposts of recent star formation. 30 00:01:59,060 --> 00:02:03,110 We're studying regions around stars where planets are forming. We're even 31 00:02:03,130 --> 00:02:07,230 analyzing the atmospheres of planets outside our solar system. 32 00:02:07,250 --> 00:02:11,380 We just recently released a new 33 00:02:11,400 --> 00:02:15,450 analysis of the atmosphere of two of these exoplanets from Earth- 34 00:02:15,470 --> 00:02:19,510 sized planets that are in a system only 39 light years away. That's 35 00:02:19,530 --> 00:02:23,540 very close by in cosmic terms. [slate] 36 00:02:23,560 --> 00:02:27,660 37 00:02:27,680 --> 00:02:31,800 Oh Hubble has seen so many fantastic 38 00:02:31,820 --> 00:02:36,000 phenomenon and objects in space, it's hard to know where to begin. But 39 00:02:36,020 --> 00:02:40,060 the most interesting features we've seen are with galaxies. 40 00:02:40,080 --> 00:02:44,160 We've seen that galaxies can actually merge together and 41 00:02:44,180 --> 00:02:48,310 create tidal forces that spur new star formation in those galaxies 42 00:02:48,330 --> 00:02:52,360 We've actually learned that the cores of galaxies 43 00:02:52,380 --> 00:02:56,450 can contain supermassive black holes. These beasts 44 00:02:56,470 --> 00:03:00,560 are pulling in a lot of matter, but they also can foster 45 00:03:00,580 --> 00:03:04,690 the expelling of these high velocity jets that can move 46 00:03:04,710 --> 00:03:08,880 almost as fast as the speed of light. We're also 47 00:03:08,900 --> 00:03:12,940 finding phenomena that span the whole range of the universe 48 00:03:12,960 --> 00:03:17,050 We've found with Hubble and with ground-based telescopes working together 49 00:03:17,070 --> 00:03:21,180 that the universe is not only expanding but that expansion 50 00:03:21,200 --> 00:03:25,230 is actually getting faster. It's accelerating, pushed apart by something 51 00:03:25,250 --> 00:03:29,290 we're calling dark energy as we study more and try to understand what that actually 52 00:03:29,310 --> 00:03:33,390 is. These unexpected discoveries with Hubble keep us 53 00:03:33,410 --> 00:03:37,520 freshly excited about what's yet to discover in the universe 54 00:03:37,540 --> 00:03:41,700 and so Hubble is continuing in a very healthy and active mode to 55 00:03:41,720 --> 00:03:45,750 discover new things in the universe that we never expected before. 56 00:03:45,770 --> 00:03:49,880 [slate] 57 00:03:49,900 --> 00:03:53,950 Star Trek and other similar science fiction 58 00:03:53,970 --> 00:03:58,100 TV shows and films I think inspired me to be curious 59 00:03:58,120 --> 00:04:02,160 about the universe. I wanted to explore myself 60 00:04:02,180 --> 00:04:06,210 and go see those strange new worlds. I wanted to learn about 61 00:04:06,230 --> 00:04:10,280 moons around other planets, I wanted 62 00:04:10,300 --> 00:04:14,390 to learn about other star systems. So I think 63 00:04:14,410 --> 00:04:18,560 Star Trek inspires curiosity and wonder and a sense of aw 64 00:04:18,580 --> 00:04:22,620 in the universe. And science is a wonderful tool for exploring 65 00:04:22,640 --> 00:04:26,720 the wonders of nature. So I think that's why ultimately became a scientist. 66 00:04:26,740 --> 00:04:30,840 An astronomer, because of that curiosity 67 00:04:30,860 --> 00:04:35,010 that was fertilized by Star Trek and other very interesting science fiction 68 00:04:35,030 --> 00:04:39,080 And science fact that I learned about from a young age. 69 00:04:39,100 --> 00:04:43,250 [slate] 70 00:04:43,270 --> 00:04:47,390 Well these deep fields of space like the frontier field 71 00:04:47,410 --> 00:04:51,580 are phenomenal because they show us that galaxies fill the universe. 72 00:04:51,600 --> 00:04:55,640 So in fact if we pointed the telescope in any direction 73 00:04:55,660 --> 00:04:59,730 and collected light for quite a long time we'd see another collection of galaxies 74 00:04:59,750 --> 00:05:03,870 just like this. Now the frontier fields are unique because 75 00:05:03,890 --> 00:05:07,930 we have pointed them specifically at regions where there are clusters of 76 00:05:07,950 --> 00:05:11,980 galaxies. So there's quite a few galaxies that are held near each other by their 77 00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:16,050 mutual gravity. We did that on purpose because we wanted to study those 78 00:05:16,070 --> 00:05:20,170 clusters and we wanted to study this phenomenon called gravitational lensing. 79 00:05:20,190 --> 00:05:24,350 Where all the mass in this cluster including 80 00:05:24,370 --> 00:05:28,410 the dark matter we can't actually see, will distort space 81 00:05:28,430 --> 00:05:32,490 and will actually magnify light from even more distant galaxies. 82 00:05:32,510 --> 00:05:36,590 [slate] 83 00:05:36,610 --> 00:05:40,640 Well the Hubble telescope has a wonderful gallery of 84 00:05:40,660 --> 00:05:44,720 images that's free and available to everyone on our website, which is 85 00:05:44,740 --> 00:05:48,850 nasa.gov/hubble. You can also find us on Twitter 86 00:05:48,870 --> 00:05:53,020 @NASA_Hubble. And you'll see 87 00:05:53,040 --> 00:05:57,080 on these sites and on Twitter that we have a new campaign called "Spot Hubble." 88 00:05:57,100 --> 00:06:01,170 This is a campaign to help all of us spot images of 89 00:06:01,190 --> 00:06:05,280 Hubble or images from the Hubble telescope in culture all around us. 90 00:06:05,300 --> 00:06:09,440 The Hubble Space Telescope has inspired people all around the world through these iconic 91 00:06:09,460 --> 00:06:13,500 images and we see them everywhere around us so here's a place we can gather 92 00:06:13,520 --> 00:06:17,610 these iconic images and enjoy what the Hubble Space Telescope is providing 93 00:06:17,630 --> 00:06:21,261 for us in terms of exploring the universe.