Planets and Moons ID: 4393

Solar Wind and Mars Bow Shock

Visualizations by Greg Shirah Released on November 5, 2015

Today, Mars is a global desert with an atmosphere far too thin to support bodies of flowing water, but evidence shows that Mars was considerably wetter in the ancient past. Scientists think that climate change on Mars was caused by the loss of an early, thick atmosphere, and NASA's MAVEN mission is investigating what could have driven its escape.

One of the prime suspects is the solar wind, a stream of electrically charged particles continuously blowing outward from the Sun. Unlike Earth, Mars lacks a global magnetic field to deflect the incoming solar wind. Instead, charged particles from the Sun slam into the Mars upper atmosphere, piling up in a bow shock ahead of the planet. The inner boundary of this bow shock reaches the Mars ionosphere, and can accelerate ions to escape velocities. During solar storms, the bow shock pushes even deeper into the atmosphere and is accompanied by increased rates of ion escape.

The visualization on this page compares a simulation of the solar wind at Mars with data from the MAVEN spacecraft. MAVEN's observations confirm the existence of a bow shock, with a density and shape matching the predicted pattern. Thanks to MAVEN, scientists can now observe the solar wind at Mars during both normal and extreme conditions, allowing them to study the Sun's ongoing role in the evolution of the Martian climate.

Read the full press release about this finding.

Watch an excerpt of the MAVEN Mission Briefing.

For More Information

NASA.gov

Visualization Credits

Greg Shirah (NASA/GSFC): Lead Visualizer
Horace Mitchell (NASA/GSFC): Visualizer
Dan Gallagher (USRA): Producer
Jasper Halekas (University of Iowa): Scientist
Bruce Jakosky (LASP): Scientist
Xiaohua Fang (LASP): Scientist
Yaxue Dong (LASP): Scientist
Yingjuan Ma (UCLA): Scientist

Please give credit for this item to:
NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio and the MAVEN Science Team

Short URL to share this page:
https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4393

Missions:
Mars Global Surveyor - MGS
MAVEN: Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN

Data Used:

MAVEN/Average Solar Wind Flow

Observed Data

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MGS/MOC

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BATS-R-US Magnetosphere Model

Model - Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC)

MHD Magnetospheric simulation

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Note: While we identify the data sets used in these visualizations, we do not store any further details nor the data sets themselves on our site.

This item is part of these series:
Flows
MAVEN Science Videos
MAVEN

Keywords:
SVS >> Climate
SVS >> HDTV
SVS >> Mars
SVS >> Solar Wind
GCMD >> Location >> Bow Shock
SVS >> Hyperwall
SVS >> MAVEN
SVS >> Solar System >> Planets >> Mars >> Ionosphere
SVS >> Solar System >> Planets >> Mars >> Atmosphere
NASA Science >> Planets and Moons

GCMD keywords can be found on the Internet with the following citation: Olsen, L.M., G. Major, K. Shein, J. Scialdone, S. Ritz, T. Stevens, M. Morahan, A. Aleman, R. Vogel, S. Leicester, H. Weir, M. Meaux, S. Grebas, C.Solomon, M. Holland, T. Northcutt, R. A. Restrepo, R. Bilodeau, 2013. NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords. Version 8.0.0.0.0