Hubble's Field Guide to Nebulae

Master VersionHorizontal version. This is for use on any YouTube or non-YouTube platform where you want to display the video horizontally. Vertical VersionThis vertical version of the episode is for IGTV or Snapchat. The IGTV episode can be pulled into Instagram Stories and the regular Instagram feed. Galaxies are the visible foundation of the universe; each one a collection of stars, planets, gas, dust, and dark matter held together by gravity. Hubble’s observations give us insight into how galaxies form, grow, and evolve through time. Hubble’s namesake, astronomer Edwin Hubble, pioneered the study of galaxies based simply on their appearance. He divided galaxies into three basic forms: This “Field Guide” will quickly teach you those three basic forms, and some new ones that astronomers have added over the years! For more information, visit https://nasa.gov/hubble. Additional Credits:Images of Edwin Hubble via Edwin P. Hubble Papers of the Huntington Library, San Mario, California.Music Credits: “Gravity Cruise - Underscore” by Jon Buster Cottam [PRS], and Samuel William John Walker [PRS] via Ninja Tune Production Music, and Universal Production Music Related pages

Master VersionHorizontal version. This is for use on any YouTube or non-YouTube platform where you want to display the video horizontally. Vertical VersionThis vertical version of the episode is for IGTV or Snapchat. The IGTV episode can be pulled into Instagram Stories and the regular Instagram feed. Over the years, the Hubble Space Telescope has taken hundreds of images of different kinds of incredible nebulae in our universe. A nebula is a giant cloud of dust and gas in space. There are different types of nebulae, ranging from sites where stars are being born under gravitational pressures to expanding gaseous remnants thrown off by dying stars. Hubble Senior Project Scientist, Dr. Jennifer Wiseman, takes us on a tour of some of our universe’s most incredible Nebulae. For more information, visit https://nasa.gov/hubble. Additional Credits:Zoom in to Orion Nebula:Ground-based image taken by Akira Fujii, zoom in on the star formation region of the Orion Nebula observed by Martin KornmesserZoom in to the Cat’s Eye Nebula:NASA, ESA, HEIC, NOT, Digitized Sky Survey 2, the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) and Romano Corradi (Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Spain)Music Credits: “Magic Mars” by Bernhard Hering [GEMA], Martin Wester [GEMA], Matthias Kruger [GEMA], via Ed.Berlin Production Music / Universal Production Music GmbH [GEMA], and Universal Production Music Related pages

This visualization zooms into the constellation Lyra to the location of the Ring Nebula and an image from the Hubble Space Telescope (visible light) and the Large Binocular Telescope (infrared light). A planetary nebula, the Ring Nebula formed when a medium-sized star shed the outer layers of its atmosphere at the end of its life.A three-dimensional model of the Ring Nebula, developed from these narrow-band observations, is explored in detail. The main ring glows in the light of nitrogen, shown in light red. That ring is filled with oxygen emission, shown in green. Perpendicular lobes contain the hottest emission from helium, shown in blue. Dense dark knots line the interior of the ring, and their shadows glow like spikes in infrared hydrogen emission, shown in deep red. Infrared Hydrogen emission also reveals the inner and outer halos that arose from earlier stellar outbursts.After identifying the structural component associated with each element's emission lines, the visualization circuits around the 3D model to provide a complete overview. The movie showcases the more accurate and more detailed structure astronomers have uncovered. A visualization of the 3D structure of the Ring Nebula based on visible light observations from the Hubble Space Telescope and infrared observations from the Large Binocular Telescope. For More InformationSee [https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2013/news-2013-13](https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2013/news-2013-13) Related pages

The Pillars of Creation are revealed as the most persistent remnant of a once cocooned giant star forming nursery, although an even more slender pillar remains far to the left of the famous trio, and a massive promontory remains above them. All Pillars are aimed toward the massive star cluster to the upper right of the Pillars, most visible in X-ray (Chandra). These massive stars have blown open the nursery door. Their powerful stellar winds of charged particles blow away the gas and dust to create a window into the center of the cloud. In the visible (NOAO) image the cloud surface shines where the gas is illuminated, and is shadowed where the light source is blocked. The X-ray (Chandra+XMM) image shows exclusively the most massive stars, which generate the highest energy and powerful winds that excite the X-rays themselves.In sharp contrast, the mid-infrared image (Spitzer) reveals the cloud material. The blue color represents reflected starlight, while the green color is hydrogen gas, emitting directly from the depths of the cloud. The red haze is warm hydrocarbon dust, filling the cavity, heated by the ultraviolet light from the nearby massive stars. The far-infrared (Herschel) image shows very cold dust, at a chilly few hundred degrees below freezing. It represents cloud material that has yet to coalesce into stars or be blown away. This image most closely resembles the cavern in which the massive stars have carved out space. Finally, the visible (ESO) image shows where the stars illuminate portions of the cloud and leave shadows. This series of images shows the environment around the Pillars of Creation, the Eagle Nebula, Messier 16. The images reveal the nebula in optical, X-ray, mid-infrared, and far-infrared light. This animation is the same as above, played twice as fast. Herschel Far-Infrared image of Eagle Nebula Spitzer Near-Infrared image of Eagle Nebula ESO Optical image of Eagle Nebula NOAO Optical image of Eagle Nebula Chandra/XMM X-ray image of Eagle Nebula Related pages

This dramatic image offers a peek inside a cavern of roiling dust and gas where thousands of stars are forming. The image, taken by the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) aboard NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, represents the sharpest view ever taken of this region, called the Orion Nebula. More than 3,000 stars of various sizes appear in this image. Some of them have never been seen in visible light. These stars reside in a dramatic dust-and-gas landscape of plateaus, mountains, and valleys that are reminiscent of the Grand Canyon.The Orion Nebula is a picture book of star formation, from the massive, young stars that are shaping the nebula to the pillars of dense gas that may be the homes of budding stars. The bright central region is the home of the four heftiest stars in the nebula. The stars are called the Trapezium because they appear in a trapezoid pattern. Ultraviolet light unleashed by these stars is carving a cavity in the nebula and potentially disrupting the growth of hundreds of smaller stars. Located near the Trapezium stars are stars still young enough to have disks of material encircling them. These disks are called protoplanetary disks or "proplyds" and are too small to see clearly in this image. The disks are the building blocks of solar systems.The bright glow at upper left is from M43, a small region being shaped by a massive, young star's ultraviolet light. Astronomers call the region a miniature Orion Nebula because only one star is sculpting the landscape. The Orion Nebula has four such stars. Next to M43 are dense, dark pillars of dust and gas that point toward the Trapezium. These pillars are resisting erosion from the Trapezium's intense ultraviolet light. The glowing region on the right reveals arcs and bubbles formed when stellar winds - streams of charged particles ejected from the Trapezium stars - collide with material.The faint red stars near the bottom are the myriad brown dwarfs that Hubble spied for the first time in the nebula in visible light. Sometimes called "failed stars," brown dwarfs are cool objects that are too small to be ordinary stars because they cannot sustain nuclear fusion in their cores the way our Sun does. The dark red column, below, left, shows an illuminated edge of the cavity wall.The Orion Nebula is 1,400 light-years away, one of the nearest star-forming regions to Earth. Astronomers used 520 Hubble images, taken in five colors, to make this picture. They also added ground-based photos to fill out the nebula. The ACS mosaic covers approximately the apparent angular size of the full moon.The Orion observations were taken between 2004 and 2005. Orion Nebula from Hubble (2006) For More InformationSee [http://hubblesite.org/news_release/news/2006-01](http://hubblesite.org/news_release/news/2006-01) Related pages

This visible-light image of the central region of the Lagoon Nebula reveals a fantasy landscape of ridges, canyons, pillars, and mountains of gas and dust surrounding a very hot newborn star. When the visible view crossfades into an image taken in near-infrared light, the most obvious difference is the abundance of stars that fill the field of view. Most of them are more distant, background stars located behind the nebula itself. However, some of these pinpricks of light are young stars within the Lagoon Nebula. Only the densest of the gas clouds remain in the infrared view. This video compares the colorful Hubble Space Telescope visible-light image of the core of the Lagoon Nebula and a Hubble infrared-light view of the same region. This animation is the same as above, played twice as fast. Hubble Infrared image of the Lagoon Nebula. 8K Hubble Infrared image of the Lagoon Nebula. Hubble Optical image of the Lagoon Nebula. 8K Hubble Optical image of the Lagoon Nebula. Related pages

Herbig Haro 901 is an immense pillar of gas and dust inside the Carina Nebula, a huge star-forming region in our galaxy. The pillar is several light-years tall and contains a few massive young stars. They shoot out powerful jets that emerge from the cloud. In some cases, the jets create bow-shock patterns similar to the effects of a ship plowing through the ocean. In the visible-light (Hubble) view, very few stars can be seen because the gas and dust block starlight. But in the infrared (Hubble) view, stars become visible and numerous. The visible-light colors emerge from the glow of different gases: oxygen (blue), hydrogen/nitrogen (green), and sulfur (red). The Carina Nebula is approximately 7,500 light years from Earth. This animation shows Herbig Haro 901 (HH901), a large pillar of gas and dust with eruptive young stars inside the Carina Nebula. The animation reveals the object in two Hubble Space Telescope images: first in visible light and then in infrared light. This animation is the same as above, played twice as fast. Visible light image of the Pillars in the Carina Nebula. Infrared light image of the Pillars in the Carina Nebula. Visible and Infrared light image of the Pillars in the Carina Nebula. Related pages