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Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.

For complete transcript, click here.

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The object sets a new record for the most luminous gamma-ray pulsar known.

The pulsar lies in the outskirts of the Tarantula Nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a small galaxy that orbits our Milky Way and is located 163,000 light-years away. The Tarantula Nebula is the largest, most active and most complex star-formation region in our galactic neighborhood. It was identified as a bright source of gamma rays, the highest-energy form of light, early in the Fermi mission. Astronomers initially attributed this glow to collisions of subatomic particles accelerated in the shock waves produced by supernova .

However, the discovery of gamma-ray pulses from a previously known pulsar named PSR J0540-6919 shows that it is responsible for roughly half of the gamma-ray brightness previously thought to come from the nebula.

Gamma-ray pulses from J0540-6919 have 20 times the intensity of the previous record-holder, the pulsar in the famous Crab Nebula. Yet they have roughly similar levels of radio, optical and X-ray emission. Accounting for these differences will guide astronomers to a better understanding of the extreme physics at work in young pulsars.", "items": [], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 343915, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12003/#media_group_343915", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has detected the first extragalactic gamma-ray pulsar, PSR J0540-6919, near the Tarantula Nebula (top center) star-forming region in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy that orbits our own Milky Way. Fermi detects a second pulsar (right) as well but not its pulses. PSR J0540-6919 now holds the record as the highest-luminosity gamma-ray pulsar. The angular distance between the pulsars corresponds to about half the apparent size of a full moon. Background: An image of the Tarantula Nebula and its surroundings in visible light.

Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center; background: ESO/R. Fosbury (ST-ECF)

", "items": [ { "id": 300995, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439502, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012003/ESO_Tarantula_crop_pulsars_labeled.jpg", "filename": "ESO_Tarantula_crop_pulsars_labeled.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has detected the first extragalactic gamma-ray pulsar, PSR J0540-6919, near the Tarantula Nebula (top center) star-forming region in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy that orbits our own Milky Way. Fermi detects a second pulsar (right) as well but not its pulses. PSR J0540-6919 now holds the record as the highest-luminosity gamma-ray pulsar. The angular distance between the pulsars corresponds to about half the apparent size of a full moon. Background: An image of the Tarantula Nebula and its surroundings in visible light. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center; background: ESO/R. Fosbury (ST-ECF)", "width": 4913, "height": 3695, "pixels": 18153535 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 343916, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12003/#media_group_343916", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "Unlabeled version of above. ", "items": [ { "id": 300996, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439503, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012003/ESO_Tarantula_crop_no_labels.jpg", "filename": "ESO_Tarantula_crop_no_labels.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "Unlabeled version of above. ", "width": 4913, "height": 3695, "pixels": 18153535 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 343917, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12003/#media_group_343917", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "A gamma-ray view of the same region shown above in visible wavelengths. Lighter colors indicate greater numbers of gamma rays with energies between 2 and 200 billion electron volts. For comparison, visible light ranges between 2 and 3 electron volts. The two pulsars, PSR J0540−6919 (left) and PSR J0537−6910, clearly stand out.

Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration

", "items": [ { "id": 300997, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439504, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012003/Fermi_pulsars_crop_no_labels.jpg", "filename": "Fermi_pulsars_crop_no_labels.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A gamma-ray view of the same region shown above in visible wavelengths. Lighter colors indicate greater numbers of gamma rays with energies between 2 and 200 billion electron volts. For comparison, visible light ranges between 2 and 3 electron volts. The two pulsars, PSR J0540−6919 (left) and PSR J0537−6910, clearly stand out. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 4901, "height": 3695, "pixels": 18109195 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 343918, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12003/#media_group_343918", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "The Tarantula Nebula (top center) is the largest, most active and most complex stellar nursery in our galactic neighborhood. It lies in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy that orbits our own Milky Way about 163,000 light-years away. This image shows the Tarantula Nebula and its surroundings in a visible light image spanning one degree. The view is a mosaic captured with the Wide Field Imager on the 2.2-m telescope at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla, Chile.

Credit: ESO/R. Fosbury (ST-ECF)

Additional information and images", "items": [ { "id": 300999, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439506, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012003/ESO_Tarantula_full_no_labels_print.jpg", "filename": "ESO_Tarantula_full_no_labels_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The Tarantula Nebula (top center) is the largest, most active and most complex stellar nursery in our galactic neighborhood. It lies in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy that orbits our own Milky Way about 163,000 light-years away. This image shows the Tarantula Nebula and its surroundings in a visible light image spanning one degree. The view is a mosaic captured with the Wide Field Imager on the 2.2-m telescope at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla, Chile. Credit: ESO/R. Fosbury (ST-ECF)Additional information and images", "width": 1024, "height": 1022, "pixels": 1046528 } }, { "id": 300998, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439505, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012003/ESO_Tarantula_full_no_labels.jpg", "filename": "ESO_Tarantula_full_no_labels.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "The Tarantula Nebula (top center) is the largest, most active and most complex stellar nursery in our galactic neighborhood. It lies in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy that orbits our own Milky Way about 163,000 light-years away. This image shows the Tarantula Nebula and its surroundings in a visible light image spanning one degree. The view is a mosaic captured with the Wide Field Imager on the 2.2-m telescope at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla, Chile. Credit: ESO/R. Fosbury (ST-ECF)Additional information and images", "width": 7872, "height": 7857, "pixels": 61850304 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 343919, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12003/#media_group_343919", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "A gamma-ray view of the same region shown above in visible wavelengths. Lighter colors indicate greater numbers of gamma rays with energies between 2 and 200 billion electron volts. For comparison, visible light ranges between 2 and 3 electron volts. The two pulsars, PSR J0540−6919 (left) and PSR J0537−6910, clearly stand out.

Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration

", "items": [ { "id": 301000, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439507, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012003/fermi_lat_pulsars_full_no_labels.jpg", "filename": "fermi_lat_pulsars_full_no_labels.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "A gamma-ray view of the same region shown above in visible wavelengths. Lighter colors indicate greater numbers of gamma rays with energies between 2 and 200 billion electron volts. For comparison, visible light ranges between 2 and 3 electron volts. The two pulsars, PSR J0540−6919 (left) and PSR J0537−6910, clearly stand out. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 7872, "height": 7858, "pixels": 61858176 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 343920, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12003/#media_group_343920", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "This image shows gamma-ray emission across a 10-degree-wide patch of the sky centered on the Large Magellanic Cloud. Lighter colors indicate greater numbers of gamma rays with energies between 0.2 and 200 billion electron volts (GeV). The brightest glow comes from the vicinity of the Tarantula Nebula star-forming region. Early in the Fermi mission, astronomers attributed this glow to collisions of subatomic particles accelerated in the shock waves produced by supernova explosions. However, much of it is now known to come from a single pulsar called PSR J0540-6919.

Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration

", "items": [ { "id": 301002, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439509, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012003/LMC-pulsar-paper-Fig1A_nobar_print.jpg", "filename": "LMC-pulsar-paper-Fig1A_nobar_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This image shows gamma-ray emission across a 10-degree-wide patch of the sky centered on the Large Magellanic Cloud. Lighter colors indicate greater numbers of gamma rays with energies between 0.2 and 200 billion electron volts (GeV). The brightest glow comes from the vicinity of the Tarantula Nebula star-forming region. Early in the Fermi mission, astronomers attributed this glow to collisions of subatomic particles accelerated in the shock waves produced by supernova explosions. However, much of it is now known to come from a single pulsar called PSR J0540-6919. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 1024, "height": 949, "pixels": 971776 } }, { "id": 301001, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439508, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012003/LMC-pulsar-paper-Fig1A_nobar.png", "filename": "LMC-pulsar-paper-Fig1A_nobar.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This image shows gamma-ray emission across a 10-degree-wide patch of the sky centered on the Large Magellanic Cloud. Lighter colors indicate greater numbers of gamma rays with energies between 0.2 and 200 billion electron volts (GeV). The brightest glow comes from the vicinity of the Tarantula Nebula star-forming region. Early in the Fermi mission, astronomers attributed this glow to collisions of subatomic particles accelerated in the shock waves produced by supernova explosions. However, much of it is now known to come from a single pulsar called PSR J0540-6919. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 3455, "height": 3205, "pixels": 11073275 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 343921, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12003/#media_group_343921", "widget": "Single image", "title": "", "caption": "", "description": "This image shows gamma-ray emission across a 2-degree-wide patch of the sky centered on the Tarantula Nebula star-forming region in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Lighter colors indicate greater numbers of gamma rays with energies between 2 and 200 billion electron volts (GeV). Fermi's Large Area Telescope has better angular resolution at higher gamma-ray energies, allowing astronomers to resolve the broad glow of the Tarantula Nebula into two components coinciding with the pulsars PSR J0540−6919 and PSR J0537−6910.

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Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 1024, "height": 949, "pixels": 971776 } }, { "id": 301003, "type": "media", "extra_data": null, "title": null, "caption": null, "instance": { "id": 439510, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a012000/a012003/LMC-pulsar-paper-Fig1B_nobar.png", "filename": "LMC-pulsar-paper-Fig1B_nobar.png", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This image shows gamma-ray emission across a 2-degree-wide patch of the sky centered on the Tarantula Nebula star-forming region in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Lighter colors indicate greater numbers of gamma rays with energies between 2 and 200 billion electron volts (GeV). Fermi's Large Area Telescope has better angular resolution at higher gamma-ray energies, allowing astronomers to resolve the broad glow of the Tarantula Nebula into two components coinciding with the pulsars PSR J0540−6919 and PSR J0537−6910. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration", "width": 3455, "height": 3205, "pixels": 11073275 } } ], "extra_data": {} }, { "id": 343922, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12003/#media_group_343922", "widget": "Basic text", "title": "For More Information", "caption": "", "description": "See [http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/nasas-fermi-satellite-detects-first-gamma-ray-pulsar-in-another-galaxy](http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/nasas-fermi-satellite-detects-first-gamma-ray-pulsar-in-another-galaxy)", "items": [], "extra_data": {} } ], "studio": "GMS", "funding_sources": [ "NASA Astrophysics" ], "credits": [ { "role": "Narrator", "people": [ { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Science writer", "people": [ { "name": "Francis Reddy", "employer": "Syneren Technologies" } ] }, { "role": "Writer", "people": [ { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Producer", "people": [ { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "USRA" } ] }, { "role": "Animator", "people": [ { "name": "Scott Wiessinger", "employer": "USRA" } ] } ], "missions": [ "Chandra X-Ray Observatory", "Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope", "RXTE" ], "series": [ "Astrophysics Features", "Astrophysics Stills", "Narrated Movies" ], "tapes": [ "LMC Pulsar (Produced by: Robert Crippen)" ], "papers": [], "datasets": [], "nasa_science_categories": [ "Planets & Moons" ], "keywords": [ "Ast", "Astrophysics", "Chandra", "Earth Science", "Fermi", "Galaxy", "Gamma Ray", "HDTV", "Neutron Star", "Pulsar", "RXTE", "Space", "Spectral/Engineering", "Supernova", "X-ray" ], "recommended_pages": [], "related": [ { "id": 14434, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14434/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA’s Fermi Mission Finds 300 Gamma-Ray Pulsars", "description": "This visualization shows 294 gamma-ray pulsars, first plotted on an image of the entire starry sky as seen from Earth and then transitioning to a view from above our galaxy. The symbols show different types of pulsars. Young pulsars blink in real time except for the Crab, which pulses slower because its rate is only slightly lower than the video frame rate. Millisecond pulsars remain steady, pulsing too quickly to see. The Crab, Vela, and Geminga were among the 11 gamma-ray pulsars known before Fermi launched. Other notable objects are also highlighted. Distances are shown in light-years (abbreviated ly).Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"Fascination\" from Universal Production MusicWatch this video on the NASA.gov Video YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || Pulsar_Still.jpg (3840x2160) [3.5 MB] || Pulsar_Still_searchweb.png (320x180) [105.5 KB] || Pulsar_Still_thm.png (80x40) [7.0 KB] || 14434_Fermi_Pulsar_Locations_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [93.9 MB] || 14434_Fermi_Pulsar_Locations_1080.webm (1920x1080) [10.0 MB] || 14434_Fermi_Pulsar_Locations_ProRes_3840x2160_2997.mov (3840x2160) [4.5 GB] || 14434_Fermi_Pulsar_Locations_4k_Best.mp4 (3840x2160) [689.2 MB] || 14434_Fermi_Pulsar_Locations_4k_Good.mp4 (3840x2160) [112.8 MB] || Pulsar_Captions.en_US.srt [46 bytes] || Pulsar_Captions.en_US.vtt [56 bytes] || ", "release_date": "2023-11-28T09:20:00-05:00", "update_date": "2023-11-02T14:45:42.228176-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 859987, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a014400/a014434/Pulsar_Still.jpg", "filename": "Pulsar_Still.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "This visualization shows 294 gamma-ray pulsars, first plotted on an image of the entire starry sky as seen from Earth and then transitioning to a view from above our galaxy. The symbols show different types of pulsars. Young pulsars blink in real time except for the Crab, which pulses slower because its rate is only slightly lower than the video frame rate. Millisecond pulsars remain steady, pulsing too quickly to see. The Crab, Vela, and Geminga were among the 11 gamma-ray pulsars known before Fermi launched. Other notable objects are also highlighted. Distances are shown in light-years (abbreviated ly).Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"Fascination\" from Universal Production MusicWatch this video on the NASA.gov Video YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.", "width": 3840, "height": 2160, "pixels": 8294400 } }, { "id": 11293, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11293/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "NASA Swift Provides the Best-Ever UV View of the Nearest Galaxies", "description": "Astronomers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., and the Pennsylvania State University in University Park, Pa., have used NASA's Swift satellite to create the most detailed surveys of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, the two closest major galaxies, in ultraviolet light.Thousands of images were assembled into seamless portraits of the main body of each galaxy to produce the highest-resolution surveys of the Magellanic Clouds at ultraviolet wavelengths. The project was proposed by Stefan Immler, an astronomer at Goddard.The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, or LMC and SMC for short, lie about 163,000 and 200,000 light-years away, respectively, and orbit each other as well as our own Milky Way galaxy. Compared to the Milky Way, the LMC has about one-tenth its physical size and only 1 percent of its mass. The SMC is only half the size of the LMC and contains about two-thirds of its mass. The new images reveal about a million ultraviolet sources within the LMC and about 250,000 in the SMC. Viewing in the ultraviolet allows astronomers to suppress the light of normal stars like the sun, which are not very bright at these higher energies, and provide a clearer picture of the hottest stars and star-formation regions. Only Swift's Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope, or UVOT, is capable of producing such high-resolution wide-field multi-color surveys in the ultraviolet. The LMC and SMC images range from 1,600 to 3,300 angstroms, UV wavelengths largely blocked by Earth's atmosphere. The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds are readily visible from the Southern Hemisphere as faint, glowing patches in the night sky. The galaxies are named after Ferdinand Magellan, the Portuguese explorer who in 1519 led an expedition to sail around the world. He and his crew were among the first Europeans to sight the objects.Watch this video on YouTube. || ", "release_date": "2013-06-03T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:52:07.098284-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 464710, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011200/a011293/LMC_Still.jpg", "filename": "LMC_Still.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "New surveys conducted by NASA's Swift provide the most detailed overviews ever captured in ultraviolet light of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, the two closest major galaxies to our own. Swift team member Stefan Immler, who proposed the imaging project, narrates this quick tour. All visible light imagery provided by Axel Mellinger, Central Michigan UniversityFor complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "pixels": 2073600 } }, { "id": 10861, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10861/", "page_type": "Produced Video", "title": "Fermi Pulsar Interactive Videos", "description": "These videos originally accompanied a Fermi Pulsar Interactive. That interactive is now available here. || ", "release_date": "2011-11-03T14:00:00-04:00", "update_date": "2023-05-03T13:53:30.085282-04:00", "main_image": { "id": 482268, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010800/a010861/What_Is_Fermi_H264_Good_1280x720_29.97.00327_print.jpg", "filename": "What_Is_Fermi_H264_Good_1280x720_29.97.00327_print.jpg", "media_type": "Image", "alt_text": "What is Fermi. Narrated short video.Watch this video on the NASAexplorer YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here.", "width": 1024, "height": 576, "pixels": 589824 } } ], "sources": [], "products": [], "newer_versions": [], "older_versions": [], "alternate_versions": [] }